First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

Job Zone

Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed

Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Compile and balance cash receipts at the end of the day or shift.87
Forecast staff, equipment, and supply requirements, based on a master menu.86
Assess nutritional needs of patients, plan special menus, supervise the assembly of regular and special diet trays, and oversee the delivery of food trolleys to hospital patients.84
Resolve customer complaints regarding food service.81
Record production, operational, and personnel data on specified forms.81
Perform personnel actions, such as hiring and firing staff, providing employee orientation and training, and conducting supervisory activities, such as creating work schedules or organizing employee time sheets.81
Estimate ingredients and supplies required to prepare a recipe.81
Train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures.80
Assign duties, responsibilities, and work stations to employees in accordance with work requirements.78
Present bills and accept payments.78
Purchase or requisition supplies and equipment needed to ensure quality and timely delivery of services.78
Perform food preparation and serving duties, such as carving meat, preparing flambe dishes, or serving wine and liquor.78

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Perform various financial activities, such as cash handling, deposit preparation, and payroll.76
Supervise and participate in kitchen and dining area cleaning activities.75
Recommend measures for improving work procedures and worker performance to increase service quality and enhance job safety.74
Specify food portions and courses, production and time sequences, and workstation and equipment arrangements.74
Control inventories of food, equipment, smallware, and liquor, and report shortages to designated personnel.74
Observe and evaluate workers and work procedures to ensure quality standards and service, and complete disciplinary write-ups.74
Analyze operational problems, such as theft and wastage, and establish procedures to alleviate these problems.73
Schedule parties and take reservations.73
Develop departmental objectives, budgets, policies, procedures, and strategies.69
Conduct meetings and collaborate with other personnel for menu planning, serving arrangements, and related details.68
Develop equipment maintenance schedules and arrange for repairs.68
Inspect supplies, equipment, and work areas to ensure efficient service and conformance to standards.67
Greet and seat guests, and present menus and wine lists.63
Evaluate new products for usefulness and suitability.61

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Management of Personnel Resources75
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Coordination72
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Monitoring72
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Speaking72
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Active Listening69
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Instructing69
Teaching others how to do something.
Service Orientation66
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Reading Comprehension56
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Critical Thinking53
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Learning Strategies53
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Negotiation53
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Social Perceptiveness53
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

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Time Management53
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Active Learning50
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Complex Problem Solving50
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Judgment and Decision Making50
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Management of Material Resources50
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Mathematics50
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Persuasion50
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Systems Analysis50
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation50
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Writing50
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Management of Financial Resources47
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Quality Control Analysis47
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operations Monitoring35
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Operation and Control25
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Troubleshooting25
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Operations Analysis19
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Technology Design13
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Equipment Maintenance10
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Repairing10
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Equipment Selection6
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Programming6
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Science0
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Customer and Personal Service79
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Administration and Management65
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
English Language63
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Food Production63
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Production and Processing59
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Sales and Marketing58
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Education and Training57
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Personnel and Human Resources53
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Economics and Accounting50
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Mathematics49
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Public Safety and Security43
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Administrative40
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.

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Transportation40
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Computers and Electronics38
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Psychology38
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Foreign Language36
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Communications and Media35
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Law and Government35
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Therapy and Counseling34
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Engineering and Technology31
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Medicine and Dentistry29
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Mechanical26
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Telecommunications24
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
History and Archeology23
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Chemistry21
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Philosophy and Theology21
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Building and Construction20
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Fine Arts20
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Design18
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Physics18
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Sociology and Anthropology16
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Geography15
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Biology13
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension75
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Problem Sensitivity72
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Deductive Reasoning69
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Speech Clarity66
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition63
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Written Comprehension53
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Category Flexibility50
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Far Vision50
The ability to see details at a distance.
Fluency of Ideas50
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Inductive Reasoning50
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Information Ordering50
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

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Near Vision50
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Time Sharing50
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Trunk Strength50
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Visualization50
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Written Expression50
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Arm-Hand Steadiness47
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Auditory Attention47
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Number Facility47
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Perceptual Speed47
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Finger Dexterity44
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Flexibility of Closure44
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Mathematical Reasoning44
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Memorization44
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Originality44
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Multilimb Coordination41
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Stamina41
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Visual Color Discrimination41
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Manual Dexterity38
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Extent Flexibility28
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Speed of Closure28
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Static Strength28
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Control Precision25
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Depth Perception25
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Dynamic Strength25
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Gross Body Coordination25
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Reaction Time25
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Wrist-Finger Speed25
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Gross Body Equilibrium22
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Hearing Sensitivity22
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Spatial Orientation19
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Rate Control16
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Speed of Limb Movement16
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Response Orientation13
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Explosive Strength10
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Dynamic Flexibility3
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Night Vision3
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision3
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Sound Localization3
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Getting Information85
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Training and Teaching Others74
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships73
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards73
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates73
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public72
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work71
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others71
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Coaching and Developing Others70
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates70
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events70
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others69
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

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Performing Administrative Activities69
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Scheduling Work and Activities69
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Developing and Building Teams68
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People68
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems67
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials66
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings66
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Performing General Physical Activities66
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization65
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Working with Computers62
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Staffing Organizational Units61
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others60
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources59
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge59
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Analyzing Data or Information57
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Documenting/Recording Information57
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Assisting and Caring for Others56
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information55
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Handling and Moving Objects55
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Thinking Creatively55
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment54
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others53
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Selling or Influencing Others52
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Developing Objectives and Strategies50
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Processing Information49
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Controlling Machines and Processes48
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment47
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment35
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment35
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Dependability85
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Leadership Orientation83
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Cooperation75
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Social Orientation71
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Attention to Detail66
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Stress Tolerance66
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Integrity64
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Self-Control64
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Self-Confidence54
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Perseverance53
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Initiative50
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Optimism50
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.

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Achievement Orientation47
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Adaptability47
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Empathy42
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Cautiousness40
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Sincerity33
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Humility32
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Innovation23
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Tolerance for Ambiguity22
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Intellectual Curiosity12
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Enterprising89
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Conventional62
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Realistic60
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Social40
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative6
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Artistic4
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Telephone Conversations
- Every day80%
- Once a week or more but not every day16%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day92%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others77%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important50%
- Very important46%
Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)63%
- Moderately close (at arm's length)18%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)11%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important44%
- Important27%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important20%
- Very important55%
- Important23%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility37%
- High responsibility11%
- Moderate responsibility52%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom18%
- Some freedom38%
- Limited freedom44%
Spend Time Standing

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Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually55%
- Less than half the time27%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility37%
- High responsibility16%
- Limited responsibility19%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom14%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important22%
- Very important20%
- Important53%
Public Speaking
- Every day44%
- Once a week or more but not every day25%
- Never24%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day27%
- Once a year or more but not every month27%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- More than half the time14%
- About half the time15%
Time Pressure
- Once a month or more but not every week27%
- Never25%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never21%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day52%
- Once a month or more but not every week18%
- Never19%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Never15%
E-Mail
- Every day29%
- Once a month or more but not every week43%
- Never26%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Every day45%
- Once a year or more but not every month19%
Consequence of Error
- Serious24%
- Fairly serious31%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results17%
- Minor results23%
- No results20%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours25%
- Less than 40 hours37%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated22%
- Slightly automated14%
- Not at all automated26%
Level of Competition
- Moderately competitive22%
- Slightly competitive15%
- Not at all competitive36%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Every day13%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time32%
- Never27%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
Written Letters and Memos
- Once a year or more but not every month43%
- Never35%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time21%
Spend Time Sitting
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Important25%
- Fairly important20%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a week or more but not every day20%
- Never76%
Work Schedules
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Every day11%
- Never83%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never83%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never88%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never77%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Never87%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Never89%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Never95%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Never92%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never93%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Never91%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never94%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never93%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never96%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never94%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never98%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never95%
Exposed to High Places
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

High school diploma or equivalent
Less than high school diploma
Post-secondary certificate

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel, Restaurant Operations & Management Spreadsheet Library
Word processing software
Evernote, Microsoft Word
Point of sale POS software
Intuit QuickBooks Point of Sale, NCR Advanced Checkout Solution, NCR NeighborhoodPOS, ParTech PixelPoint POS
Accounting software
Compeat Restaurant Accounting Systems, CostGuard, Sage 50 Accounting
Human resources software
ADP Workforce Now, SoftCafe ScheduleWriter
Data base user interface and query software
CaterPro, CBORD Foodservice Suite
Inventory management software
CBORD Group Menu Management System, Regnow Chrysanth Inventory Manager
Electronic mail software
Microsoft Outlook
Computer based training software
Quizlet
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Microsoft Dynamics
Communications server software
IBM Domino
Desktop publishing software
Microsoft Publisher
Procurement software
Ordering and purchasing software
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Financial analysis software
Delphi Technology
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Project management software
Microsoft Project
Calendar and scheduling software
Staff scheduling software

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Balance receipts.
Estimate supplies, ingredients, or staff requirements for food preparation activities.
Plan menu options.
Perform human resources activities.
Train food preparation or food service personnel.
Communicate with customers to resolve complaints or ensure satisfaction.
Record operational or production data.
Coordinate activities of food service staff.
Process customer bills or payments.
Cut cooked or raw foods.
Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
Prepare foods for cooking or serving.

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Manage food service operations or parts of operations.
Clean food preparation areas, facilities, or equipment.
Coordinate timing of food production activities.
Maintain food, beverage, or equipment inventories.
Monitor food services operations to ensure procedures are followed.
Schedule dining reservations.
Schedule equipment maintenance.
Inspect facilities, equipment or supplies to ensure conformance to standards.
Assist customers with seating arrangements.
Present food or beverage information or menus to customers.
Evaluate quality of materials or products.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology