Training and development specialists

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Present information with a variety of instructional techniques or formats, such as role playing, simulations, team exercises, group discussions, videos, or lectures.91
Obtain, organize, or develop training procedure manuals, guides, or course materials, such as handouts or visual materials.91
Evaluate modes of training delivery, such as in-person or virtual, to optimize training effectiveness, training costs, or environmental impacts.86
Offer specific training programs to help workers maintain or improve job skills.86
Assess training needs through surveys, interviews with employees, focus groups, or consultation with managers, instructors, or customer representatives.86
Monitor, evaluate, or record training activities or program effectiveness.85
Design, plan, organize, or direct orientation and training programs for employees or customers.83
Develop alternative training methods if expected improvements are not seen.78
Evaluate training materials prepared by instructors, such as outlines, text, or handouts.75
Monitor training costs and prepare budget reports to justify expenditures.71
Devise programs to develop executive potential among employees in lower-level positions.70
Keep up with developments in area of expertise by reading current journals, books, or magazine articles.68

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Attend meetings or seminars to obtain information for use in training programs or to inform management of training program status.67
Coordinate recruitment and placement of training program participants.64
Select and assign instructors to conduct training.63
Negotiate contracts with clients for desired training outcomes, fees, or expenses.62
Supervise, evaluate, or refer instructors to skill development classes.61
Schedule classes based on availability of classrooms, equipment, or instructors.57
Refer trainees to employer relations representatives, to locations offering job placement assistance, or to appropriate social services agencies, if warranted.47
Develop or implement training programs related to efficiency, recycling, or other issues with environmental impacts.40

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Instructing85
Teaching others how to do something.
Speaking85
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Learning Strategies78
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Active Listening75
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Social Perceptiveness75
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Active Learning72
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Critical Thinking72
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Judgment and Decision Making72
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Monitoring72
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Reading Comprehension72
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Writing72
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Coordination69
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

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Service Orientation66
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Time Management66
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Systems Evaluation60
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Complex Problem Solving56
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Management of Personnel Resources53
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Negotiation53
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Operations Analysis53
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Persuasion53
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Systems Analysis53
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Mathematics35
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Management of Financial Resources31
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources31
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Operations Monitoring25
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Quality Control Analysis22
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Technology Design22
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Science16
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Equipment Selection3
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Operation and Control3
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Troubleshooting0
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Education and Training93
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Customer and Personal Service74
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
English Language71
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Personnel and Human Resources64
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Administration and Management61
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Psychology59
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Communications and Media57
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Computers and Electronics49
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Administrative47
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Sociology and Anthropology47
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Sales and Marketing40
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Mathematics33
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

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Public Safety and Security33
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Design32
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Philosophy and Theology32
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Law and Government29
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Production and Processing28
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Economics and Accounting26
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Telecommunications22
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Engineering and Technology21
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Therapy and Counseling21
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
History and Archeology19
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Geography16
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Foreign Language15
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Fine Arts13
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Mechanical12
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Medicine and Dentistry11
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Transportation11
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Chemistry9
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Biology8
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Building and Construction8
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Physics7
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Food Production6
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Expression78
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Oral Comprehension75
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Speech Clarity75
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition75
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Written Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Deductive Reasoning69
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Fluency of Ideas69
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Near Vision69
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Problem Sensitivity69
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Inductive Reasoning66
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Originality66
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

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Category Flexibility56
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Information Ordering56
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Far Vision53
The ability to see details at a distance.
Memorization50
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Time Sharing44
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Flexibility of Closure41
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Perceptual Speed41
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Speed of Closure41
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Mathematical Reasoning38
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Number Facility38
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Visualization35
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Auditory Attention28
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Trunk Strength28
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Hearing Sensitivity25
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Visual Color Discrimination25
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Depth Perception19
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Finger Dexterity16
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Wrist-Finger Speed10
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Spatial Orientation3
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Arm-Hand Steadiness0
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Control Precision0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Dynamic Strength0
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Manual Dexterity0
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates90
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Training and Teaching Others89
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Coaching and Developing Others83
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships83
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge83
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Getting Information82
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others80
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others79
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems78
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Developing Objectives and Strategies77
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Working with Computers76
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work74
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

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Thinking Creatively73
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Processing Information70
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Analyzing Data or Information68
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events66
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Documenting/Recording Information65
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization64
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Developing and Building Teams64
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Scheduling Work and Activities64
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards63
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others61
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings58
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others57
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Selling or Influencing Others57
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People56
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates50
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Performing Administrative Activities49
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information48
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources46
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Assisting and Caring for Others45
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public44
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Staffing Organizational Units42
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials27
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Performing General Physical Activities25
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Handling and Moving Objects21
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment19
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Controlling Machines and Processes17
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment15
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment14
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment11
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Dependability80
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Social Orientation79
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Cooperation77
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Innovation77
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Adaptability75
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Intellectual Curiosity72
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Achievement Orientation68
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Attention to Detail64
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Initiative64
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Empathy63
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Optimism63
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Leadership Orientation60
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

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Self-Confidence59
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Integrity57
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Self-Control57
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Perseverance56
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Sincerity52
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Tolerance for Ambiguity44
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Stress Tolerance41
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Humility35
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Cautiousness23
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Social77
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative51
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Conventional46
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Enterprising45
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Artistic37
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Realistic17
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day100%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others65%
- Contact with others most of the time26%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day52%
- Once a week or more but not every day48%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day52%
- Once a week or more but not every day39%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom35%
- Some freedom65%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom39%
- Some freedom48%
- Limited freedom13%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important50%
- Very important36%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day70%
- Never13%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually29%
- More than half the time38%
- About half the time29%
Public Speaking
- Every day22%
- Once a week or more but not every day48%
- Once a month or more but not every week22%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours39%
- 40 hours61%
Time Pressure
- Every day22%
- Once a week or more but not every day35%
- Once a month or more but not every week35%

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Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important26%
- Very important35%
- Important22%
- Fairly important13%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day17%
- Once a week or more but not every day43%
- Once a month or more but not every week22%
- Once a year or more but not every month13%
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)48%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)43%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- High responsibility48%
- Moderate responsibility26%
- Limited responsibility22%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day39%
- Once a month or more but not every week35%
- Once a year or more but not every month17%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results17%
- Important results30%
- Moderate results17%
- Minor results22%
- No results13%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important26%
- Very important22%
- Important17%
- Not important at all26%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day18%
- Once a week or more but not every day23%
- Once a month or more but not every week23%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never18%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Very important22%
- Important39%
- Fairly important22%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Moderate responsibility45%
- Limited responsibility27%
Level of Competition
- Highly competitive22%
- Moderately competitive43%
- Slightly competitive17%
- Not at all competitive17%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day17%
- Once a month or more but not every week39%
- Once a year or more but not every month35%
Spend Time Standing
- About half the time35%
- Less than half the time52%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important13%
- Very important17%
- Important13%
- Fairly important22%
- Not important at all35%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- More than half the time14%
- Less than half the time27%
- Never41%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually14%
- More than half the time14%
- Less than half the time23%
- Never50%
Consequence of Error
- Very serious13%
- Fairly serious39%
- Not serious at all39%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a month or more but not every week13%
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never43%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated22%
- Slightly automated39%
- Not at all automated35%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time39%
- Never48%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a year or more but not every month39%
- Never48%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time41%
- Never55%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a month or more but not every week13%
- Once a year or more but not every month26%
- Never61%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month22%
- Never65%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month35%
- Never57%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)26%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)74%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never61%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month17%
- Never74%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time26%
- Never70%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never87%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month22%
- Never74%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never82%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never83%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never91%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Once a year or more but not every month17%
- Never78%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never91%
Exposed to High Places
- Never91%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never87%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never96%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a year or more but not every month13%
- Never87%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never91%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never91%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never95%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never95%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all96%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
High school diploma or equivalent
Associate’s degree or other 2-year degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Web platform development software
Django, Hypertext markup language HTML, JavaScript, PHP
Computer based training software
Common Curriculum, Learning management system LMS, Moodle, SumTotal Systems ToolBook
Video conferencing software
Cisco Webex, Google Meet, LogMeIn GoToMeeting, Zoom
Presentation software
Google Slides, Mentimeter, Microsoft PowerPoint, Poll Everywhere
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, SmugMug Flickr
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, HP Trim, Interwoven software, Microsoft SharePoint
Video creation and editing software
Adobe After Effects, Apple Final Cut Pro, Screencast-O-Matic, WeVideo
Data base user interface and query software
Blackboard software, Database software, FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Access
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Oracle PeopleSoft, Oracle PeopleSoft Financials, SAP software
Electronic mail software
IBM Notes, Microsoft Outlook
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher
Customer relationship management CRM software
Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge, Microsoft Dynamics
Word processing software
Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft Word
Data base management system software
MySQL, Oracle PL/SQL
Human resources software
Human resource management software HRMS, Oracle Taleo
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, Google Sites
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Medical software
Epic Systems
Application server software
Oracle WebLogic Server
Access software
Citrix cloud computing software
Development environment software
Adobe ActionScript
Network conferencing software
LogMeIn GoToWebinar
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Google Drive
Operating system software
Oracle Solaris
Business intelligence and data analysis software
Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition
Object or component oriented development software
Advanced business application programming ABAP
Multi-media educational software
Kahoot!
Analytical or scientific software
IBM SPSS Statistics
Internet browser software
Web browser software
Project management software
Microsoft Project
Process mapping and design software
Microsoft Visio

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Coordinate training activities.
Develop training materials.
Train personnel to enhance job skills.
Conduct surveys in organizations.
Evaluate training programs, instructors, or materials.
Evaluate effectiveness of personnel policies or practices.
Monitor financial indicators.
Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
Train personnel on managerial topics.
Update professional knowledge.
Coordinate personnel recruitment activities.
Negotiate contracts with clients or service providers.

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Supervise employees.
Advise others on human resources topics.
Train personnel in organizational or compliance procedures.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Apprenticeship and Training Representative (Gov Only)
Apprenticeship Representative
Apprenticeship Training Representative (Nof)
Educator and Trainer
Fire Department Training Officer
Lodging Manager
Training and Development Specialist (Nof)
Workforce Development Analyst
Workforce Development Specialist

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology