Training and development managers

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Analyze training needs to develop new training programs or modify and improve existing programs.90
Evaluate instructor performance and the effectiveness of training programs, providing recommendations for improvement.84
Plan, develop, and provide training and staff development programs, using knowledge of the effectiveness of methods such as classroom training, demonstrations, on-the-job training, meetings, conferences, and workshops.84
Confer with management and conduct surveys to identify training needs based on projected production processes, changes, and other factors.82
Conduct orientation sessions and arrange on-the-job training for new hires.80
Train instructors and supervisors in techniques and skills for training and dealing with employees.79
Develop and organize training manuals, multimedia visual aids, and other educational materials.77
Prepare training budget for department or organization.75
Develop testing and evaluation procedures.70
Conduct or arrange for ongoing technical training and personal development classes for staff members.66
Review and evaluate training and apprenticeship programs for compliance with government standards.57
Coordinate established courses with technical and professional courses provided by community schools, and designate training procedures.45

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Learning Strategies81
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Active Listening75
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Instructing75
Teaching others how to do something.
Reading Comprehension75
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Speaking75
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Coordination72
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Monitoring72
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Social Perceptiveness72
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Writing72
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Active Learning69
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Critical Thinking69
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Complex Problem Solving66
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

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Judgment and Decision Making66
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Management of Financial Resources66
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Persuasion66
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Service Orientation66
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Management of Personnel Resources63
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Time Management63
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Systems Evaluation56
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Systems Analysis53
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Negotiation50
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Operations Analysis50
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Management of Material Resources47
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Mathematics47
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Quality Control Analysis25
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operations Monitoring19
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Technology Design19
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Science13
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Operation and Control0
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Troubleshooting0
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Education and Training98
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
English Language84
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Administration and Management79
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Personnel and Human Resources74
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Customer and Personal Service72
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Communications and Media58
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Psychology57
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Computers and Electronics55
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Administrative49
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Design35
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Sales and Marketing33
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Sociology and Anthropology31
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.

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Mathematics30
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Economics and Accounting29
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Production and Processing24
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Law and Government22
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Therapy and Counseling22
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Telecommunications21
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Public Safety and Security13
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Engineering and Technology11
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Philosophy and Theology10
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Fine Arts7
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Foreign Language7
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Geography5
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
History and Archeology3
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Mechanical3
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Medicine and Dentistry3
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Transportation3
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Building and Construction2
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Physics1
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Biology0
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Chemistry0
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Food Production0
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Deductive Reasoning72
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Fluency of Ideas72
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Oral Comprehension72
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Speech Clarity72
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition72
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Written Comprehension72
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Written Expression72
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Inductive Reasoning69
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Information Ordering69
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Near Vision69
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Originality69
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

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Problem Sensitivity69
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Category Flexibility66
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Far Vision47
The ability to see details at a distance.
Memorization47
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Speed of Closure47
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Flexibility of Closure44
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Perceptual Speed44
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Selective Attention44
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Mathematical Reasoning41
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Time Sharing41
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Visualization41
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Number Facility38
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Auditory Attention28
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Visual Color Discrimination28
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Finger Dexterity19
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Hearing Sensitivity19
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength19
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Manual Dexterity16
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Arm-Hand Steadiness13
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Depth Perception13
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Wrist-Finger Speed13
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Dynamic Strength10
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Control Precision6
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Stamina3
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Training and Teaching Others98
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates95
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Getting Information93
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Working with Computers93
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Coaching and Developing Others92
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships90
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Developing and Building Teams87
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems87
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work83
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge83
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates82
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Developing Objectives and Strategies81
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.

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Thinking Creatively80
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others79
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others78
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others77
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Documenting/Recording Information76
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Processing Information75
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Scheduling Work and Activities74
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Analyzing Data or Information72
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events67
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards66
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People64
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings64
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others64
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Selling or Influencing Others63
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information60
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization56
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources55
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Performing Administrative Activities54
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Staffing Organizational Units54
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Assisting and Caring for Others42
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials23
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Performing General Physical Activities21
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment17
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Handling and Moving Objects15
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public13
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Controlling Machines and Processes8
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment5
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment5
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment2
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Dependability88
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Innovation81
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Leadership Orientation80
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Adaptability78
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Cooperation77
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Social Orientation75
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Intellectual Curiosity73
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Achievement Orientation71
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Initiative68
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Attention to Detail67
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Empathy63
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Integrity63
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.

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Optimism59
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Perseverance59
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Self-Confidence58
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Self-Control57
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Sincerity53
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Tolerance for Ambiguity48
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Stress Tolerance46
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Humility34
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Cautiousness30
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Enterprising89
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Social76
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Conventional51
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Investigative34
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Artistic26
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Realistic15
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day93%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important96%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day85%
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day75%
- Once a week or more but not every day21%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others57%
- Contact with others most of the time36%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom43%
- Some freedom57%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day75%
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
- Never11%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually43%
- More than half the time54%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom43%
- Some freedom54%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important46%
- Very important39%
- Important11%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility36%
- High responsibility39%
- Moderate responsibility18%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours50%
- 40 hours50%

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Time Pressure
- Once a week or more but not every day61%
- Once a month or more but not every week21%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Very important46%
- Important32%
- Fairly important11%
Public Speaking
- Every day11%
- Once a week or more but not every day32%
- Once a month or more but not every week39%
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day14%
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Once a month or more but not every week46%
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Important results36%
- Moderate results32%
- Minor results29%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day25%
- Once a week or more but not every day18%
- Once a month or more but not every week21%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never18%
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)25%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)46%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)14%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day25%
- Once a month or more but not every week39%
- Once a year or more but not every month32%
Level of Competition
- Highly competitive21%
- Moderately competitive46%
- Slightly competitive18%
- Not at all competitive14%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important11%
- Very important25%
- Important18%
- Fairly important18%
- Not important at all29%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- More than half the time31%
- Less than half the time31%
- Never27%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a month or more but not every week32%
- Once a year or more but not every month50%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- High responsibility11%
- Moderate responsibility18%
- Limited responsibility50%
- No responsibility18%
Spend Time Standing
- About half the time21%
- Less than half the time71%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Very important11%
- Important14%
- Fairly important32%
- Not important at all36%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually11%
- Less than half the time29%
- Never50%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated21%
- Slightly automated43%
- Not at all automated32%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never61%
Consequence of Error
- Fairly serious32%
- Not serious at all54%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time54%
- Never46%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
- Never79%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never79%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never75%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never71%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never82%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never82%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never79%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time25%
- Never75%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)11%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)89%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never86%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time21%
- Never79%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Never89%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never86%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never89%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never89%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never96%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all96%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never96%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never96%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never96%
Exposed to High Places
- Never100%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
Master’s degree
Post-baccalaureate certificate

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Presentation software
Caliban Mindwear HyperGASP, Dazzlersoft DazzlerMax, MediaChance Multimedia Builder, Microsoft PowerPoint
Computer based training software
Common Curriculum, Learning management system LMS, Moodle, SyberWorks Training Center
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, Linspire Nvu, Microsoft FrontPage, SAFARI Video Networks eZediaQTI
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Learn.com LearnCenter Talent Management Suite, Microsoft Dynamics, Oracle PeopleSoft
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, HP Trim
Development environment software
Adobe ActionScript, Microsoft Visual Basic
Video conferencing software
Cisco Webex, WBT Systems TopClass
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Medical software
Epic Systems
Electronic mail software
Microsoft Outlook
Desktop publishing software
Microsoft Publisher
Customer relationship management CRM software
Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Data base management system software
Apache Cassandra
Internet browser software
Web browser software
Data base user interface and query software
Blackboard software
Project management software
Microsoft Project
Web platform development software
JavaScript

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Conduct opinion surveys or needs assessments.
Conduct employee training programs.
Evaluate training programs, instructors, or materials.
Evaluate employee performance.
Evaluate program effectiveness.
Manage human resources activities.
Confer with organizational members to accomplish work activities.
Develop training materials.
Prepare graphics or other visual representations of information.
Prepare operational budgets.
Develop procedures to evaluate organizational activities.
Determine operational compliance with regulations or standards.

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Coordinate special events or programs.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology