Speech-Language Pathologists

Job Zone

Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Evaluate hearing or speech and language test results, barium swallow results, or medical or background information to diagnose and plan treatment for speech, language, fluency, voice, or swallowing disorders.97
Write reports and maintain proper documentation of information, such as client Medicaid or billing records or caseload activities, including the initial evaluation, treatment, progress, and discharge of clients.97
Monitor patients' progress and adjust treatments accordingly.96
Develop or implement treatment plans for problems such as stuttering, delayed language, swallowing disorders, or inappropriate pitch or harsh voice problems, based on own assessments and recommendations of physicians, psychologists, or social workers.96
Administer hearing or speech and language evaluations, tests, or examinations to patients to collect information on type and degree of impairments, using written or oral tests or special instruments.95
Educate patients and family members about various topics, such as communication techniques or strategies to cope with or to avoid personal misunderstandings.92
Supervise or collaborate with therapy team.91
Participate in and write reports for meetings regarding patients' progress, such as individualized educational planning (IEP) meetings, in-service meetings, or intervention assistance team meetings.91
Teach clients to control or strengthen tongue, jaw, face muscles, or breathing mechanisms.87
Instruct clients in techniques for more effective communication, such as sign language, lip reading, or voice improvement.87
Consult with and advise educators or medical staff on speech or hearing topics, such as communication strategies or speech and language stimulation.86
Develop speech exercise programs to reduce disabilities.86

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Develop individual or group activities or programs in schools to deal with behavior, speech, language, or swallowing problems.84
Complete administrative responsibilities, such as coordinating paperwork, scheduling case management activities, or writing lesson plans.83
Consult with and refer clients to additional medical or educational services.80
Design, develop, or employ alternative diagnostic or communication devices or strategies.78
Conduct lessons or direct educational or therapeutic games to assist teachers dealing with speech problems.77
Provide communication instruction to dialect speakers or students with limited English proficiency.77
Participate in conferences, training, continuing education courses, or publish research results to share knowledge of new hearing or speech disorder treatment methods or technologies.76
Supervise students or assistants.71
Communicate with students who use an alternative method of communications, using sign language or computer technology.69
Use computer applications to identify or assist with communication disabilities.66
Conduct or direct research on speech or hearing topics and report findings for use in developing procedures, technologies, or treatments.60

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening78
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Critical Thinking78
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Reading Comprehension78
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Social Perceptiveness78
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Learning Strategies75
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Speaking75
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Writing75
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Active Learning72
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Complex Problem Solving72
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Instructing72
Teaching others how to do something.
Monitoring72
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Judgment and Decision Making69
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

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Service Orientation69
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Coordination56
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Time Management56
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Systems Analysis53
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation53
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Operations Analysis50
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Negotiation47
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Persuasion47
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Science47
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Management of Personnel Resources35
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Quality Control Analysis31
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operations Monitoring28
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Mathematics25
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Technology Design22
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Operation and Control16
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Programming16
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Troubleshooting16
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Equipment Selection13
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Management of Material Resources3
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Management of Financial Resources0
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

English Language97
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Education and Training79
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Customer and Personal Service76
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Psychology76
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Therapy and Counseling74
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Administrative64
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Sociology and Anthropology56
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Medicine and Dentistry54
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Communications and Media50
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Public Safety and Security48
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Computers and Electronics45
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Biology40
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.

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Administration and Management39
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Mathematics39
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Law and Government35
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Foreign Language28
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Personnel and Human Resources23
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Philosophy and Theology23
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Telecommunications21
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Geography18
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Economics and Accounting14
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Fine Arts12
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Chemistry10
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Physics10
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Transportation10
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Engineering and Technology9
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
History and Archeology8
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Sales and Marketing8
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Food Production7
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Design6
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Mechanical6
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Production and Processing4
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Building and Construction0
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension88
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression81
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Speech Recognition81
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Written Expression81
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Speech Clarity78
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Written Comprehension78
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Deductive Reasoning75
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Inductive Reasoning75
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Problem Sensitivity75
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Category Flexibility69
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Fluency of Ideas69
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Information Ordering69
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

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Hearing Sensitivity66
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Near Vision66
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Flexibility of Closure56
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Originality56
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Auditory Attention53
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Perceptual Speed53
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Speed of Closure53
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Time Sharing47
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Mathematical Reasoning44
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Memorization44
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Far Vision38
The ability to see details at a distance.
Visualization38
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Number Facility35
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Finger Dexterity28
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Arm-Hand Steadiness25
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Trunk Strength25
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Visual Color Discrimination25
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Wrist-Finger Speed22
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Manual Dexterity16
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Depth Perception10
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Extent Flexibility10
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Sound Localization10
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Static Strength6
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Control Precision3
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Multilimb Coordination3
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Response Orientation3
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Stamina3
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Dynamic Strength0
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Documenting/Recording Information99
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Getting Information95
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships92
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems90
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work90
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Developing Objectives and Strategies87
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Analyzing Data or Information86
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Working with Computers83
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Performing Administrative Activities82
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates81
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards81
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge80
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

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Assisting and Caring for Others79
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events76
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public76
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Processing Information72
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others69
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People69
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Thinking Creatively69
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Training and Teaching Others69
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Coaching and Developing Others67
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings65
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Scheduling Work and Activities65
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others55
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others51
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Developing and Building Teams51
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials44
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others43
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization39
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Performing General Physical Activities34
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates32
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Handling and Moving Objects32
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information29
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Selling or Influencing Others22
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment11
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Controlling Machines and Processes9
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Monitoring and Controlling Resources6
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment4
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment4
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment4
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
Staffing Organizational Units2
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Empathy100
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Attention to Detail89
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Cooperation87
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Dependability83
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Social Orientation79
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Optimism74
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Sincerity73
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Integrity70
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Self-Control69
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Cautiousness68
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Intellectual Curiosity66
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Achievement Orientation65
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.

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Perseverance62
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Adaptability61
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Stress Tolerance54
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Self-Confidence52
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Initiative48
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Innovation47
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Tolerance for Ambiguity46
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Humility41
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Leadership Orientation24
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Social85
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative76
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Conventional51
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Artistic33
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Realistic27
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Enterprising7
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others99%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day100%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important90%
Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)80%
- Moderately close (at arm's length)18%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom72%
- Some freedom19%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom61%
- Some freedom39%
Time Pressure
- Every day59%
- Once a week or more but not every day40%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day63%
- Once a week or more but not every day18%
E-Mail
- Every day63%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day79%
- Never20%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results43%
- Important results35%
- Moderate results11%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important46%
- Very important32%
- Fairly important11%

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Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually38%
- More than half the time26%
- About half the time21%
- Less than half the time15%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important32%
- Very important39%
- Important17%
- Not important at all11%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day19%
- Once a week or more but not every day51%
- Once a month or more but not every week19%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important30%
- Very important36%
- Important14%
- Not important at all11%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Every day41%
- Once a month or more but not every week27%
- Never22%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day33%
- Once a month or more but not every week28%
- Once a year or more but not every month19%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Every day26%
- Once a month or more but not every week36%
- Once a year or more but not every month27%
Consequence of Error
- Extremely serious25%
- Very serious29%
- Fairly serious21%
- Not serious at all20%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility20%
- High responsibility18%
- Limited responsibility44%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day26%
- Once a month or more but not every week31%
- Once a year or more but not every month39%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually11%
- More than half the time28%
- Less than half the time45%
- Never12%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Every day22%
- Once a month or more but not every week29%
- Never40%
Level of Competition
- Highly competitive29%
- Moderately competitive30%
- Slightly competitive21%
- Not at all competitive20%
Spend Time Standing
- More than half the time13%
- About half the time38%
- Less than half the time47%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day17%
- Once a month or more but not every week31%
- Once a year or more but not every month52%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Very important27%
- Important30%
- Fairly important22%
- Not important at all21%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- High responsibility11%
- Moderate responsibility28%
- Limited responsibility32%
- No responsibility19%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours20%
- 40 hours37%
- Less than 40 hours43%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- About half the time27%
- Less than half the time62%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a week or more but not every day21%
- Once a year or more but not every month28%
- Never44%
Public Speaking
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
- Once a year or more but not every month71%
- Never17%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Less than half the time46%
- Never36%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a month or more but not every week21%
- Once a year or more but not every month40%
- Never38%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Every day11%
- Once a year or more but not every month17%
- Never73%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time60%
- Never40%
Degree of Automation
- Slightly automated37%
- Not at all automated53%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Every day11%
- Never79%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time55%
- Never44%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Important18%
- Not important at all72%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never82%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Never82%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never74%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never90%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)91%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never90%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Less than half the time13%
- Never87%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Never100%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never100%
Exposed to High Places
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Never100%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never100%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Never100%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Master’s degree
Post-master’s certificate

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Medical software
Biofeedback software, Bungalow Software Aphasia Tutor, eClinicalWorks EHR software, Micro Video Voice Speech Training System
Desktop communications software
Tadpoles
Analytical or scientific software
Avaaz Innovations Computerized Speech Research Environment CSRE, Language analysis software, Signal analysis software, Speech analysis software
Music or sound editing software
Adobe Audition, Apple Logic Pro
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Electronic mail software
Email software
Computer based training software
Text to speech software
Video creation and editing software
YouTube
Voice recognition software
Words+ E Z Keys for Windows
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Dropbox
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Internet browser software
Web browser software

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Prepare reports summarizing patient diagnostic or care activities.
Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals.
Maintain medical facility records.
Develop treatment plans that use non-medical therapies.
Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments.
Operate diagnostic or therapeutic medical instruments or equipment.
Test patient hearing.
Train patients, family members, or caregivers in techniques for managing disabilities or illnesses.
Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.
Supervise patient care personnel.
Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues.
Prepare healthcare training materials.

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Process healthcare paperwork.
Schedule patient procedures or appointments.
Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources.
Develop health assessment methods or programs.
Lead classes or community events.
Teach classes in area of specialization.
Train caregivers or other non-medical personnel.
Present medical research reports.
Maintain medical or professional knowledge.
Supervise student research or internship work.
Supervise technical medical personnel.
Assist students with special educational needs.
Develop strategies or programs for students with special needs.
Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology