Office Machine Operators, Except Computer

Job Zone

Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed

Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Read job orders to determine the type of work to be done, the quantities to be produced, and the materials needed.87
Deliver completed work.84
Place original copies in feed trays, feed originals into feed rolls, or position originals on tables beneath camera lenses.84
Sort, assemble, and proof completed work.82
Operate office machines such as high speed business photocopiers, readers, scanners, addressing machines, stencil-cutting machines, microfilm readers or printers, folding and inserting machines, bursters, and binder machines.82
Complete records of production, including work volumes and outputs, materials used, and any backlogs.80
Compute prices for services and receive payment, or provide supervisors with billing information.80
Set up and adjust machines, regulating factors such as speed, ink flow, focus, and number of copies.79
Load machines with materials such as blank paper or film.78
Monitor machine operation, and make adjustments as necessary to ensure proper operation.78
Clean machines, perform minor repairs, and report major repair needs.74
File and store completed documents.73

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Operate auxiliary machines such as collators, pad and tablet making machines, staplers, and paper punching, folding, cutting, and perforating machines.72
Maintain stock of supplies, and requisition any needed items.72
Prepare and process papers for use in scanning, microfilming, and microfiche.71
Clean and file master copies or plates.68
Cut copies apart and write identifying information, such as page numbers or titles, on copies.63
Move heat units and clamping frames over screen beds to form Braille impressions on pages, raising frames to release individual copies.41

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Operation and Control56
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Operations Monitoring53
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Reading Comprehension53
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Active Listening50
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Critical Thinking50
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Judgment and Decision Making50
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Monitoring50
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Speaking50
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Time Management50
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Complex Problem Solving47
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Social Perceptiveness47
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Writing47
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

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Active Learning44
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Coordination44
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Equipment Maintenance44
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Quality Control Analysis44
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Service Orientation44
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Troubleshooting44
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Repairing41
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Systems Analysis41
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Equipment Selection38
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Management of Personnel Resources38
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Mathematics38
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Management of Material Resources31
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Negotiation31
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Persuasion31
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Instructing28
Teaching others how to do something.
Management of Financial Resources28
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Systems Evaluation28
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Learning Strategies25
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Programming19
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Technology Design19
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Operations Analysis16
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Installation3
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Science0
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

English Language72
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Customer and Personal Service69
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Production and Processing61
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Computers and Electronics51
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Mathematics48
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Administrative42
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Communications and Media33
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Mechanical33
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Administration and Management30
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Design30
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Telecommunications29
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Education and Training23
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

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Psychology22
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Public Safety and Security21
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Economics and Accounting18
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Personnel and Human Resources17
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Sales and Marketing16
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Fine Arts15
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Physics15
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Engineering and Technology14
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Sociology and Anthropology13
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Law and Government12
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Philosophy and Theology11
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Transportation8
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Building and Construction6
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Geography6
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Therapy and Counseling6
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Foreign Language5
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
History and Archeology3
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Medicine and Dentistry1
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Biology0
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Food Production0
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Chemistry—
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Near Vision66
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Written Comprehension66
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Information Ordering56
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Oral Comprehension53
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression53
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Arm-Hand Steadiness50
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Problem Sensitivity50
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Control Precision47
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Finger Dexterity47
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Speech Clarity47
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition47
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

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Written Expression47
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Auditory Attention44
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Category Flexibility44
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Deductive Reasoning44
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Far Vision44
The ability to see details at a distance.
Inductive Reasoning44
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Manual Dexterity44
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Mathematical Reasoning44
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Number Facility44
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Perceptual Speed44
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Visualization44
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Rate Control41
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Time Sharing41
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Visual Color Discrimination41
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Flexibility of Closure38
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Hearing Sensitivity38
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength38
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Depth Perception35
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Extent Flexibility35
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Multilimb Coordination35
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Reaction Time31
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Fluency of Ideas28
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Originality28
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Stamina28
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength28
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Wrist-Finger Speed28
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Dynamic Strength25
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Gross Body Coordination25
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium25
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Memorization25
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Speed of Closure25
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Response Orientation19
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Speed of Limb Movement16
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Explosive Strength10
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Glare Sensitivity3
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Peripheral Vision3
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Sound Localization3
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Working with Computers75
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Getting Information68
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work64
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates62
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Controlling Machines and Processes60
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Processing Information57
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Thinking Creatively57
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others56
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships56
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge56
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Handling and Moving Objects54
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People54
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

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Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings53
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems52
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Performing Administrative Activities50
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events49
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization48
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Performing General Physical Activities47
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources46
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Documenting/Recording Information45
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information45
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public45
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment45
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials44
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Scheduling Work and Activities44
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others43
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Training and Teaching Others42
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Analyzing Data or Information40
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Coaching and Developing Others40
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Developing and Building Teams40
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Developing Objectives and Strategies39
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards37
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates37
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others35
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Assisting and Caring for Others34
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment34
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others30
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Selling or Influencing Others29
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Staffing Organizational Units23
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment22
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment19
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Attention to Detail75
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Dependability69
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Cautiousness35
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Integrity22
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Achievement Orientation19
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Self-Control18
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Cooperation16
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Stress Tolerance15
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Perseverance13
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Adaptability8
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Initiative5
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Self-Confidence4
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.

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Sincerity3
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Conventional93
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Realistic59
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Investigative19
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Enterprising18
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Social11
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Artistic3
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day63%
- Once a week or more but not every day34%
Time Pressure
- Every day65%
- Once a week or more but not every day17%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day61%
- Once a week or more but not every day19%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others51%
- Contact with others most of the time18%
- Contact with others about half the time16%
- Occasional contact with others15%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day61%
- Never20%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day36%
- Once a week or more but not every day34%
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important40%
- Very important36%
- Not important at all17%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important25%
- Important19%
- Fairly important15%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important36%
- Very important33%
- Important11%
- Not important at all20%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- Some freedom56%
- Limited freedom19%
- Very little freedom15%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important30%
- Important11%
- Fairly important18%
- Not important at all17%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom20%
- Some freedom23%
- Limited freedom29%
- Very little freedom22%

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Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)16%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)57%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)14%
Spend Time Standing
- Continually or almost continually11%
- More than half the time28%
- About half the time38%
- Less than half the time24%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important18%
- Very important18%
- Not important at all15%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Very important45%
- Important18%
- Fairly important21%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Every day28%
- Once a week or more but not every day19%
- Once a year or more but not every month13%
- Never30%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually27%
- More than half the time12%
- About half the time11%
- Less than half the time31%
- Never18%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day25%
- Once a week or more but not every day19%
- Once a month or more but not every week19%
- Never34%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility18%
- High responsibility22%
- Moderate responsibility15%
- Limited responsibility24%
- No responsibility21%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day22%
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
- Once a year or more but not every month43%
- Never14%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Important results30%
- Minor results48%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a year or more but not every month36%
- Never18%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually17%
- About half the time21%
- Less than half the time59%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- 40 hours63%
- Less than 40 hours29%
Spend Time Sitting
- More than half the time15%
- Less than half the time74%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Every day23%
- Once a month or more but not every week17%
- Never48%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated40%
- Slightly automated40%
- Not at all automated13%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day15%
- Once a month or more but not every week29%
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never34%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- More than half the time16%
- About half the time16%
- Less than half the time43%
- Never26%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- High responsibility20%
- Limited responsibility21%
- No responsibility45%
Level of Competition
- Moderately competitive21%
- Slightly competitive30%
- Not at all competitive36%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- About half the time20%
- Less than half the time59%
- Never21%
Consequence of Error
- Serious17%
- Fairly serious30%
- Not serious at all43%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
- Never74%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Once a year or more but not every month12%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Never80%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Once a year or more but not every month12%
- Never77%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time42%
- Never55%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)16%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)80%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Never83%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Less than half the time13%
- Never79%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Never85%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never85%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month12%
- Never80%
Public Speaking
- Never88%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Never92%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never92%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Never92%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never92%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never92%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never92%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never92%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Less than half the time16%
- Never84%
Exposed to High Places
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Never92%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never92%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

High school diploma or equivalent
Bachelor’s degree
Post-secondary certificate

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop
Desktop communications software
Eko
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Electronic mail software
Microsoft Outlook
Optical character reader OCR or scanning software
Multi-line optical character reader OCR software
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Operating system software
Microsoft Windows
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Data base user interface and query software
Microsoft Access

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Service Employees International Union

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Read work orders to determine material or setup requirements.
Operate office equipment.
Deliver items.
Compile data or documentation.
Sort materials or products.
Calculate costs of goods or services.
Collect deposits, payments or fees.
Provide information to coworkers.
Record production information.
Adjust office equipment to ensure proper operation.
Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning.
Clean facilities or equipment.

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Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition.
Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel.
Store records or related materials.
Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
Attach identification information to products, items or containers.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology