Management Analysts

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Gather and organize information on problems or procedures.87
Confer with personnel concerned to ensure successful functioning of newly implemented systems or procedures.87
Analyze data gathered and develop solutions or alternative methods of proceeding.86
Document findings of study and prepare recommendations for implementation of new systems, procedures, or organizational changes.81
Plan study of work problems and procedures, such as organizational change, communications, information flow, integrated production methods, inventory control, or cost analysis.78
Interview personnel and conduct on-site observation to ascertain unit functions, work performed, and methods, equipment, and personnel used.78
Prepare manuals and train workers in use of new forms, reports, procedures or equipment, according to organizational policy.71
Review forms and reports and confer with management and users about format, distribution, and purpose, identifying problems and improvements.69
Develop and implement records management program for filing, protection, and retrieval of records, and assure compliance with program.65
Design, evaluate, recommend, and approve changes of forms and reports.55
Recommend purchase of storage equipment and design area layout to locate equipment in space available.55

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening78
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Critical Thinking78
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Reading Comprehension78
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Complex Problem Solving75
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Judgment and Decision Making75
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Speaking75
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Writing75
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Coordination72
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Monitoring72
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Social Perceptiveness72
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Systems Evaluation72
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Systems Analysis69
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.

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Persuasion63
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Active Learning56
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Instructing56
Teaching others how to do something.
Service Orientation56
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Time Management56
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Negotiation53
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Learning Strategies50
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Management of Personnel Resources50
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Mathematics50
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Operations Analysis50
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Management of Financial Resources31
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources31
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Technology Design28
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Programming22
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Science22
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Operations Monitoring19
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Quality Control Analysis19
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operation and Control10
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Troubleshooting6
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Equipment Selection3
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

English Language93
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Administration and Management85
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Customer and Personal Service75
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Mathematics66
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Education and Training65
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Computers and Electronics63
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Economics and Accounting62
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Law and Government58
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Personnel and Human Resources58
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Sales and Marketing58
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Psychology53
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Communications and Media51
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

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Sociology and Anthropology50
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Production and Processing48
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Administrative45
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Public Safety and Security41
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Design36
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Geography35
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Telecommunications35
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Transportation31
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Therapy and Counseling29
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Engineering and Technology28
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Foreign Language25
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Philosophy and Theology25
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
History and Archeology24
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Building and Construction18
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Mechanical15
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Chemistry12
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Physics11
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Biology10
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Fine Arts10
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Food Production10
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Medicine and Dentistry10
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension78
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression78
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Problem Sensitivity78
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Written Comprehension78
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Deductive Reasoning75
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Inductive Reasoning75
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Written Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Speech Clarity72
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition72
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Fluency of Ideas69
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Information Ordering66
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Near Vision60
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

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Category Flexibility56
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Originality56
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Flexibility of Closure50
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Mathematical Reasoning50
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Far Vision47
The ability to see details at a distance.
Memorization47
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Number Facility47
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Time Sharing44
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Perceptual Speed41
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Speed of Closure41
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Visualization28
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Auditory Attention25
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Hearing Sensitivity25
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength25
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Visual Color Discrimination25
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Wrist-Finger Speed19
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Finger Dexterity16
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Depth Perception10
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Arm-Hand Steadiness0
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Control Precision0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Dynamic Strength0
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Manual Dexterity0
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Getting Information93
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates91
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships91
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems91
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others86
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Analyzing Data or Information85
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Developing Objectives and Strategies85
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others85
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization83
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work82
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Working with Computers82
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge81
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

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Processing Information79
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Thinking Creatively79
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Documenting/Recording Information76
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events75
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others74
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Selling or Influencing Others74
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Developing and Building Teams73
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards73
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings72
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Coaching and Developing Others69
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Training and Teaching Others69
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others65
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People65
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information63
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Scheduling Work and Activities60
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources55
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Performing Administrative Activities55
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates54
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public48
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Assisting and Caring for Others37
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Staffing Organizational Units35
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials25
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Handling and Moving Objects18
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Performing General Physical Activities18
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment17
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Controlling Machines and Processes14
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment13
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment8
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment6
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Attention to Detail87
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Integrity77
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Achievement Orientation76
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Innovation75
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Dependability73
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Intellectual Curiosity73
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Adaptability68
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Initiative68
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Social Orientation61
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Perseverance60
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Self-Confidence60
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Tolerance for Ambiguity60
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

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Leadership Orientation59
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Stress Tolerance55
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Cooperation54
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Cautiousness51
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Self-Control50
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Sincerity35
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Empathy33
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Optimism22
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Humility20
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Conventional84
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Investigative74
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Enterprising64
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Social30
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Artistic11
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Realistic6
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day100%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day89%
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day74%
- Once a week or more but not every day26%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom50%
- Some freedom35%
- Limited freedom15%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important50%
- Very important35%
- Important15%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day63%
- Once a week or more but not every day16%
- Once a month or more but not every week11%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others40%
- Contact with others most of the time45%
- Contact with others about half the time15%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually33%
- More than half the time52%
- About half the time14%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom38%
- Some freedom38%
- Limited freedom24%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important37%
- Very important47%
- Fairly important11%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results33%
- Important results48%
- Moderate results14%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important33%
- Very important52%

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Time Pressure
- Every day19%
- Once a week or more but not every day62%
- Once a month or more but not every week19%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day11%
- Once a week or more but not every day67%
- Once a month or more but not every week17%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day35%
- Once a week or more but not every day15%
- Once a month or more but not every week40%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important33%
- Very important24%
- Important24%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility39%
- High responsibility17%
- Moderate responsibility17%
- Limited responsibility22%
Level of Competition
- Extremely competitive20%
- Highly competitive45%
- Moderately competitive15%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours33%
- 40 hours52%
- Less than 40 hours14%
Conflict Situations
- Every day11%
- Once a week or more but not every day21%
- Once a month or more but not every week26%
- Once a year or more but not every month37%
Physical Proximity
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)40%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)35%
Consequence of Error
- Very serious26%
- Serious26%
- Fairly serious26%
- Not serious at all16%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day21%
- Once a month or more but not every week21%
- Once a year or more but not every month53%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a week or more but not every day38%
- Once a month or more but not every week19%
- Never29%
Public Speaking
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Once a month or more but not every week52%
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important15%
- Very important15%
- Important15%
- Fairly important35%
- Not important at all20%
Degree of Automation
- Highly automated20%
- Moderately automated30%
- Slightly automated35%
- Not at all automated15%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- High responsibility15%
- Moderate responsibility20%
- Limited responsibility40%
- No responsibility20%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a month or more but not every week29%
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
- Never29%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Less than half the time38%
- Never43%
Spend Time Standing
- Less than half the time75%
- Never15%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time70%
- Never20%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a month or more but not every week20%
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never50%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never50%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)38%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)62%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Once a year or more but not every month40%
- Never50%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Less than half the time24%
- Never67%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Once a year or more but not every month35%
- Never55%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never60%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
- Never62%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
- Never62%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month26%
- Never68%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never70%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month32%
- Never68%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never80%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Once a year or more but not every month26%
- Never74%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time25%
- Never75%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time24%
- Never76%
Exposed to High Places
- Once a year or more but not every month20%
- Never80%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never85%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Once a year or more but not every month19%
- Never81%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Once a year or more but not every month15%
- Never85%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all95%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never90%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never95%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
Master’s degree
Some college, no degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Web platform development software
Apache Tomcat, Google Angular, Microsoft ASP.NET, Spring Framework
Data base user interface and query software
Airtable, Blackboard software, MySQL, Transact-SQL
Development environment software
Apache Kafka, Apache Maven, Go, Microsoft PowerShell
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Microsoft Dynamics, NetSuite ERP, Oracle Hyperion, SAP software
Object or component oriented development software
C#, jQuery, Scala, Swift
Operating system software
Apple macOS, Bash, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Shell script
Data base management system software
Apache Hive, Elasticsearch, MongoDB, Oracle PL/SQL
Business intelligence and data analysis software
Alteryx software, Apache Spark, Microsoft Power BI, Tableau
Medical software
Epic Systems, Medical condition coding software, Medical procedure coding software, MEDITECH software
Analytical or scientific software
IBM SPSS Statistics, Minitab, SAS, The MathWorks MATLAB
Project management software
Atlassian Confluence, Microsoft Team Foundation Server, Microsoft Teams, Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
Electronic mail software
IBM Notes, MicroFocus GroupWise, Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft Outlook
Enterprise application integration software
Atlassian Bamboo, Extensible markup language XML, IBM InfoSphere DataStage, Microsoft SQL Server Integration Services SSIS
Word processing software
3M Post-it App, Google Docs, Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft Word
Human resources software
ADP Workforce Now, Ceridian Dayforce enterprise HCM, Human resource management software HRMS, Oracle Taleo
Configuration management software
Chef, Perforce Helix software, Puppet
Accounting software
Fund accounting software, Sage 50 Accounting, Tax software
Application server software
GitHub, Oracle WebLogic Server, Red Hat WildFly
Video conferencing software
Cisco Webex, Google Meet, LogMeIn GoToMeeting
Customer relationship management CRM software
Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge, Oracle Eloqua, Salesforce software
Data base reporting software
Information Builders WebFOCUS, Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS, SAP Crystal Reports
Presentation software
Google Slides, Mentimeter, Microsoft PowerPoint
Program testing software
Hewlett Packard LoadRunner, JUnit, Selenium
Geographic information system
ESRI ArcGIS software, Geographic information system GIS software
Network monitoring software
Nagios, Wireshark
Object oriented data base management software
Hibernate ORM, PostgreSQL
Graphics or photo imaging software
SmugMug Flickr, Trimble SketchUp Pro
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft SharePoint
Desktop communications software
Eko, Skype
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher
File versioning software
Apache Subversion SVN, Git
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Dropbox, Google Drive
Financial analysis software
Delphi Technology, Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
Transaction security and virus protection software
McAfee, NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software
Cloud-based management software
IBM WebSphere, Splunk Enterprise
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, LinkedIn
Requirements analysis and system architecture software
IBM Rational RequisitePro, Unified modeling language UML
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Metadata management software
Quest Erwin Data Modeler
Content workflow software
Atlassian JIRA
Enterprise system management software
IBM Power Systems software
Access software
Citrix cloud computing software
Expert system software
Ansible software
Clustering software
VMware
Communications server software
IBM Domino
Portal server software
Apache HTTP Server
Video creation and editing software
Screencastify
Network conferencing software
Slido interaction software
Transaction server software
Customer information control system CICS
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Network security and virtual private network VPN equipment software
Virtual private networking VPN software
Graphical user interface development software
Salesforce Visualforce
Sales and marketing software
Marketo Marketing Automation
Internet browser software
Web browser software
Backup or archival software
Veritas NetBackup
Data mining software
Google Analytics
Industrial control software
Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software
Process mapping and design software
Microsoft Visio
Information retrieval or search software
LexisNexis

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Confer with personnel to coordinate business operations.
Gather organizational performance information.
Analyze business or financial data.
Advise others on business or operational matters.
Prepare research reports.
Analyze jobs using observation, survey, or interview techniques.
Conduct scientific research of organizational behavior or processes.
Develop procedures to evaluate organizational activities.
Develop training materials.
Train personnel in organizational or compliance procedures.
Discuss business strategies, practices, or policies with managers.
Develop business or financial information systems.

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Edit documents.
Edit written materials.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Business Analyst
Government Policy Advisor
Health Information Management Business Analyst
Health Information Management Data Analyst
Management Systems Auditor
Program Analyst

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology