Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

Job Zone

Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed

Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions.85
Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.83
Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring.81
Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools.81
Schedule work with customers and initiate work orders, house requisitions, and orders from stock.80
Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition.80
Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers.79
Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.79
Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, and refilling non-toxic refrigerants.78
Test pipes, lines, components, and connections for leaks.78
Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks.78
Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters.77

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Keep records of repairs and replacements made and causes of malfunctions.77
Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders.77
Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system.76
Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming.76
Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches.75
Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions.75
Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.74
Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment.73
Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components.72
Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers.72
Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.71
Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems.71
Supervise and instruct assistants.70
Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments.70
Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools.68
Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms.66
Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle.65
Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills.64
Contact vendors to order and arrange delivery of parts for customers.—

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Operations Monitoring69
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Troubleshooting69
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Critical Thinking66
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Repairing60
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Equipment Maintenance56
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Installation56
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Reading Comprehension56
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Complex Problem Solving53
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Equipment Selection53
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Judgment and Decision Making53
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Systems Analysis53
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation53
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.

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Active Learning50
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Active Listening50
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Coordination50
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Monitoring50
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Operation and Control50
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Quality Control Analysis50
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Social Perceptiveness50
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Speaking50
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Time Management50
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Writing47
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Service Orientation44
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Instructing41
Teaching others how to do something.
Management of Personnel Resources41
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Mathematics41
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Persuasion41
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Learning Strategies35
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Management of Material Resources31
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Management of Financial Resources25
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Negotiation25
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Operations Analysis25
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Programming22
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Science22
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Technology Design22
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Building and Construction88
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Customer and Personal Service84
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Mechanical82
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Administration and Management73
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Education and Training73
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Mathematics72
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Public Safety and Security69
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Administrative64
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Design64
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Production and Processing63
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Engineering and Technology61
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Computers and Electronics60
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

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English Language56
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Personnel and Human Resources52
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Physics50
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Economics and Accounting49
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Law and Government47
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Chemistry45
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Telecommunications44
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Sales and Marketing41
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Psychology36
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Communications and Media34
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Transportation34
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Biology28
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Medicine and Dentistry24
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Philosophy and Theology23
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Food Production22
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Geography20
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Foreign Language19
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Sociology and Anthropology18
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Fine Arts16
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
History and Archeology13
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Therapy and Counseling8
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Deductive Reasoning72
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Inductive Reasoning72
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Near Vision72
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Problem Sensitivity72
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Arm-Hand Steadiness69
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Oral Comprehension69
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Manual Dexterity66
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Visual Color Discrimination66
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Finger Dexterity63
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Information Ordering56
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Multilimb Coordination53
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Visualization53
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

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Auditory Attention50
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Category Flexibility50
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Control Precision50
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Extent Flexibility50
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Far Vision50
The ability to see details at a distance.
Hearing Sensitivity50
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Oral Expression50
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Perceptual Speed50
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Speech Clarity50
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition50
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Static Strength50
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Trunk Strength50
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Written Comprehension50
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Flexibility of Closure47
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Fluency of Ideas47
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Selective Attention47
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Written Expression47
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Reaction Time44
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Speed of Closure44
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Time Sharing44
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Depth Perception41
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Memorization41
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Originality41
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Stamina38
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Gross Body Equilibrium35
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Wrist-Finger Speed35
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Dynamic Strength31
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Mathematical Reasoning31
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Number Facility31
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Response Orientation28
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization28
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation28
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Explosive Strength25
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Glare Sensitivity25
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination25
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision25
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision25
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control25
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Speed of Limb Movement19
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Dynamic Flexibility16
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Controlling Machines and Processes96
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Getting Information89
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment89
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
Processing Information88
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems87
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events86
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates84
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials84
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Scheduling Work and Activities84
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge81
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings80
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Analyzing Data or Information78
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

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Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards78
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People78
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work77
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment76
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information75
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment75
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Performing General Physical Activities75
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Documenting/Recording Information74
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Handling and Moving Objects74
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment74
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Training and Teaching Others74
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Thinking Creatively70
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others69
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others67
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates65
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public65
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Working with Computers63
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization62
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Developing Objectives and Strategies61
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships61
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources61
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Coaching and Developing Others57
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Developing and Building Teams53
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others48
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others48
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Assisting and Caring for Others43
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Staffing Organizational Units42
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Performing Administrative Activities38
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Selling or Influencing Others36
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Dependability88
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Attention to Detail83
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Cautiousness69
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Perseverance58
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Integrity50
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Stress Tolerance50
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Self-Control42
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Adaptability40
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Achievement Orientation39
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Cooperation36
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Initiative32
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Self-Confidence32
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.

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Intellectual Curiosity31
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Sincerity25
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Optimism17
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Social Orientation15
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Leadership Orientation13
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Innovation11
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Humility10
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Empathy5
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Realistic99
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Conventional55
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Investigative30
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Social8
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Enterprising3
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Artistic1
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day98%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Every day88%
- Once a week or more but not every day12%
E-Mail
- Every day79%
- Once a week or more but not every day20%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others81%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important77%
- Important13%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Every day68%
- Once a week or more but not every day21%
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Every day74%
- Once a week or more but not every day17%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day60%
- Once a week or more but not every day34%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important55%
- Very important36%
Time Pressure
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility47%
- High responsibility38%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Every day58%
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Once a month or more but not every week26%

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Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day44%
- Once a week or more but not every day46%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom42%
- Some freedom35%
- Limited freedom22%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility53%
- High responsibility27%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results31%
- Important results47%
- Moderate results16%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day54%
- Once a week or more but not every day21%
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Every day50%
- Once a week or more but not every day15%
- Once a month or more but not every week29%
Consequence of Error
- Extremely serious44%
- Serious28%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important25%
- Very important47%
- Important22%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Every day45%
- Once a month or more but not every week41%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually57%
- Less than half the time37%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Every day30%
- Once a week or more but not every day44%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important28%
- Very important42%
- Fairly important24%
Spend Time Standing
- Continually or almost continually31%
- About half the time63%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Every day35%
- Once a month or more but not every week44%
Level of Competition
- Extremely competitive27%
- Highly competitive30%
- Moderately competitive23%
- Slightly competitive12%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Every day34%
- Once a week or more but not every day12%
- Once a month or more but not every week17%
- Once a year or more but not every month37%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Continually or almost continually27%
- Less than half the time40%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Every day28%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Exposed to High Places
- Every day31%
- Once a month or more but not every week36%
- Once a year or more but not every month15%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Every day58%
- Never38%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours17%
- 40 hours83%
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)51%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)37%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Every day34%
- Once a year or more but not every month42%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Every day47%
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Never39%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- Some freedom51%
- Limited freedom18%
- No freedom25%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually25%
- More than half the time19%
- Less than half the time49%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Continually or almost continually25%
- Less than half the time66%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day32%
- Once a month or more but not every week20%
- Never35%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Once a month or more but not every week44%
- Never30%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Continually or almost continually26%
- Less than half the time61%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
- Once a month or more but not every week32%
- Once a year or more but not every month51%
Public Speaking
- Once a week or more but not every day30%
- Once a year or more but not every month46%
- Never15%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Extremely important30%
- Fairly important12%
- Not important at all49%
Degree of Automation
- Not at all automated12%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- About half the time11%
- Less than half the time77%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a month or more but not every week42%
- Once a year or more but not every month43%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Important47%
- Fairly important14%
- Not important at all34%
Spend Time Sitting
- About half the time46%
- Less than half the time22%
- Never31%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
Conflict Situations
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Once a year or more but not every month38%
- Never46%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Once a year or more but not every month38%
- Never57%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)11%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)89%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never84%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never87%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never95%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Post-secondary certificate
Less than high school diploma
Some college, no degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Electronic mail software
IBM Notes, Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft Outlook
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Facilities management software
Computerized maintenance management system CMMS, Facility energy management software, Johnson Controls Metasys, ManagerPlus
Industrial control software
Alerton Ascent Compass, Building automation software, Honeywell WEBs-N4, Siemens APOGEE Building Automation Software
Word processing software
Atlas Construction Business Forms, Microsoft Word
Computer aided design CAD software
Autodesk AutoCAD, HVAC tools software
Data base user interface and query software
Data logging software, Database software
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Graphics or photo imaging software
Graphics software
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
SAP software
Customer relationship management CRM software
Contact management systems
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Confer with customers or users to assess problems.
Test electrical circuits or components for proper functioning.
Service heating, ventilation or air-conditioning (HVAC) systems or components.
Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.
Connect electrical components or equipment.
Replace worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.
Install home appliances.
Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
Schedule repair, installation or maintenance activities.
Travel to work sites to perform installation, repair or maintenance work.
Install heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
Adjust equipment to ensure optimal performance.

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Determine operational compliance with regulations or standards.
Braze metal parts or components.
Test mechanical systems to ensure proper functioning.
Advise others on issues related to repairs, installation, or equipment design.
Document operational activities.
Maintain repair or maintenance records.
Inspect systems to determine if they are operating properly.
Install machine or equipment replacement parts.
Interpret blueprints, specifications, or diagrams to inform installation, development or operation activities.
Install energy-efficient heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
Lay out work according to specifications.
Supervise employees.
Train others in operational procedures.
Cut materials according to specifications or needs.
Measure distances or dimensions.
Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.
Drill holes in parts, equipment, or materials.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Air & Hydronic Balancing Technician
Air Conditioning Equipment Mechanic
Environmental Control Syst. Instal/Services (Hvac)
Furnace Installer
Furnace Installer & Repairer
Heating & Air Conditioning Mechanic & Installer
Heating & Air-Conditioner Install/Ser
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conidtioning (Ex. Tit: Heating&Air Cond. Inst/Ser)
Oil Burner-Servicer & Installer
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Maintenance
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Maintenance (Existing Title: Refrigeration Mechanic)
Refrigeration Mechanic (Any Ind)
Refrigeration Unit Repairer
Refrigration & Air Condition Mechanic (Existing Title: Refrigeration Maint)

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology