General and Operations Managers

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Review financial statements, sales or activity reports, or other performance data to measure productivity or goal achievement or to identify areas needing cost reduction or program improvement.80
Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.79
Manage the movement of goods into and out of production facilities to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, or sustainability of operations.76
Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.75
Prepare staff work schedules and assign specific duties.75
Set prices or credit terms for goods or services, based on forecasts of customer demand.75
Direct or coordinate financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.73
Perform sales floor work, such as greeting or assisting customers, stocking shelves, or taking inventory.72
Plan or direct activities, such as sales promotions, that require coordination with other department managers.71
Perform personnel functions, such as selection, training, or evaluation.70
Establish or implement departmental policies, goals, objectives, or procedures in conjunction with board members, organization officials, or staff members.69
Develop or implement product-marketing strategies, including advertising campaigns or sales promotions.64

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Direct non-merchandising departments of businesses, such as advertising or purchasing.63
Monitor suppliers to ensure that they efficiently and effectively provide needed goods or services within budgetary limits.61
Implement or oversee environmental management or sustainability programs addressing issues such as recycling, conservation, or waste management.53
Plan store layouts or design displays.48
Recommend locations for new facilities, or oversee the remodeling or renovating of current facilities.45

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening75
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Monitoring75
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Reading Comprehension75
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Speaking75
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Coordination72
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Critical Thinking72
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Management of Personnel Resources69
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Social Perceptiveness69
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Active Learning66
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Complex Problem Solving66
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Judgment and Decision Making66
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Persuasion66
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.

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Time Management66
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Negotiation63
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Writing63
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Service Orientation56
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Management of Material Resources53
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Systems Analysis53
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation53
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Instructing50
Teaching others how to do something.
Learning Strategies50
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Management of Financial Resources50
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Mathematics41
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Operations Analysis38
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Quality Control Analysis35
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operations Monitoring31
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Operation and Control22
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Troubleshooting19
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Science13
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Technology Design13
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Administration and Management81
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Customer and Personal Service79
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
English Language68
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Production and Processing64
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Mathematics63
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Personnel and Human Resources61
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Administrative55
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Economics and Accounting55
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Sales and Marketing50
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Engineering and Technology48
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Mechanical46
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Education and Training45
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

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Public Safety and Security44
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Computers and Electronics42
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Law and Government39
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Psychology38
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Communications and Media35
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Design33
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Building and Construction30
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Transportation30
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Physics25
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Chemistry23
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Sociology and Anthropology23
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Telecommunications21
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Therapy and Counseling15
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Geography12
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Foreign Language10
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
History and Archeology9
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Food Production8
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Fine Arts7
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Philosophy and Theology6
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Biology5
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Medicine and Dentistry5
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension75
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Written Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Deductive Reasoning72
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Problem Sensitivity72
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Speech Clarity72
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition66
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Inductive Reasoning63
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Information Ordering63
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Near Vision63
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Category Flexibility60
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.

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Fluency of Ideas56
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Originality53
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Mathematical Reasoning47
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Number Facility47
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Selective Attention47
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Time Sharing44
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Visualization44
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Far Vision41
The ability to see details at a distance.
Flexibility of Closure41
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Perceptual Speed35
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Speed of Closure35
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Memorization31
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Auditory Attention28
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Trunk Strength28
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Depth Perception22
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Visual Color Discrimination22
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Hearing Sensitivity19
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Wrist-Finger Speed19
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Arm-Hand Steadiness16
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Reaction Time16
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Stamina16
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Finger Dexterity13
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Gross Body Coordination13
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Manual Dexterity13
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Multilimb Coordination13
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Spatial Orientation13
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Static Strength13
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Explosive Strength10
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Gross Body Equilibrium10
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Extent Flexibility6
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Peripheral Vision6
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Sound Localization6
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Control Precision3
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Dynamic Strength3
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Night Vision3
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Working with Computers87
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Getting Information86
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates84
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems83
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships82
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events81
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates80
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work80
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People78
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Processing Information77
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Analyzing Data or Information76
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others75
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

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Documenting/Recording Information74
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Coaching and Developing Others73
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings73
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources72
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others72
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Developing Objectives and Strategies71
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Developing and Building Teams70
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Scheduling Work and Activities70
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge70
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others68
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Staffing Organizational Units68
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Thinking Creatively68
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others67
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards65
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Selling or Influencing Others65
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization64
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Performing Administrative Activities60
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Training and Teaching Others60
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information56
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Assisting and Caring for Others51
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials41
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public39
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment28
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Performing General Physical Activities28
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Controlling Machines and Processes27
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Handling and Moving Objects25
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment23
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment22
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment21
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Leadership Orientation98
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Dependability88
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Integrity84
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Achievement Orientation79
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Self-Confidence76
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Initiative74
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Perseverance73
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Self-Control71
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Adaptability68
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Social Orientation66
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Stress Tolerance66
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Cooperation61
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.

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Attention to Detail58
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Tolerance for Ambiguity55
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Innovation53
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Intellectual Curiosity48
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Optimism46
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Cautiousness44
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Empathy41
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Sincerity31
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Humility4
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Enterprising100
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Conventional72
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Social40
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative23
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Realistic20
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Artistic5
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day93%
E-Mail
- Every day88%
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day86%
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom86%
- Some freedom11%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day88%
- Once a month or more but not every week11%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom73%
- Some freedom25%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others76%
- Contact with others most of the time12%
- Contact with others about half the time12%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important79%
- Very important14%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility61%
- High responsibility36%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results72%
- Important results18%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important57%
- Very important36%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important61%
- Very important29%

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Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours70%
- 40 hours30%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day80%
- Once a year or more but not every month15%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility62%
- High responsibility22%
- Limited responsibility13%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important47%
- Very important38%
Time Pressure
- Every day41%
- Once a week or more but not every day41%
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day54%
- Once a week or more but not every day24%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Every day47%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Never28%
Conflict Situations
- Every day11%
- Once a week or more but not every day34%
- Once a month or more but not every week35%
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
Level of Competition
- Extremely competitive19%
- Highly competitive32%
- Moderately competitive28%
- Not at all competitive12%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day33%
- Once a month or more but not every week59%
Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)11%
- Moderately close (at arm's length)38%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)14%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)34%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important19%
- Very important26%
- Important15%
- Fairly important28%
- Not important at all12%
Spend Time Sitting
- More than half the time33%
- About half the time24%
- Less than half the time22%
- Never11%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Every day38%
- Once a week or more but not every day16%
- Never40%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Every day19%
- Once a week or more but not every day18%
- Once a month or more but not every week28%
- Never29%
Spend Time Standing
- Continually or almost continually11%
- More than half the time12%
- About half the time35%
- Less than half the time43%
Consequence of Error
- Very serious25%
- Serious21%
- Fairly serious12%
- Not serious at all36%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- More than half the time13%
- About half the time31%
- Less than half the time53%
Public Speaking
- Once a week or more but not every day31%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month12%
- Never39%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- More than half the time14%
- Less than half the time59%
- Never14%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- More than half the time34%
- Less than half the time30%
- Never32%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated46%
- Slightly automated38%
- Not at all automated15%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Every day13%
- Once a year or more but not every month42%
- Never30%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Every day19%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never55%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- More than half the time13%
- Less than half the time53%
- Never32%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Once a week or more but not every day26%
- Never67%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a month or more but not every week16%
- Once a year or more but not every month33%
- Never47%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a month or more but not every week23%
- Once a year or more but not every month20%
- Never54%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- More than half the time13%
- Less than half the time38%
- Never49%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Once a year or more but not every month39%
- Never49%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month26%
- Never62%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month43%
- Never49%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
- Never60%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month28%
- Never70%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never83%
Exposed to High Places
- Never82%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Less than half the time25%
- Never73%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)16%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)84%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never88%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never79%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all93%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never91%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never91%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never97%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

High school diploma or equivalent
Bachelor’s degree
Some college, no degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Customer relationship management CRM software
Act!, Oracle Eloqua, Salesforce software, Sugar CRM
Data base user interface and query software
Airtable, Amazon Web Services AWS software, Blackboard software, Yardi software
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Deacom ERP, Microsoft Dynamics, Oracle PeopleSoft, SAP software
Operating system software
Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, Oracle Solaris, Shell script
Business intelligence and data analysis software
IBM Cognos Impromptu, Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, Qlik Tech QlikView, Tableau
Analytical or scientific software
IBM SPSS Statistics, Minitab, SAS, The MathWorks MATLAB
Electronic mail software
IBM Notes, Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird
Accounting software
Fund accounting software, Intuit QuickBooks, Sage 50 Accounting, Tax software
Video creation and editing software
Apple Final Cut Pro, Flipgrid, Screencastify, YouTube
Word processing software
Evernote, Google Docs, Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft Word
Human resources software
ADP Workforce Now, Human resource management software HRMS, Oracle Taleo, Personnel scheduling software
Web page creation and editing software
Facebook, LinkedIn, Microsoft FrontPage, Social media sites
Project management software
Atlassian Confluence, Microsoft Project, Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management, Realization Streamliner
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Dropbox, Google Drive, Slack
Financial analysis software
Delphi Technology, Oracle E-Business Suite Financials, Sage MAS 500
Sales and marketing software
Google Ads, HubSpot software, Marketo Marketing Automation
Time accounting software
Kronos Workforce Payroll, Kronos Workforce Timekeeper, Payroll software
Internet browser software
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, SeaMonkey
Presentation software
Apple Keynote, Google Slides, Microsoft PowerPoint
Medical software
Dynamic Energy Systems MedAct, Medical condition coding software
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Photoshop
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft SharePoint
Development environment software
Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA
Computer aided manufacturing CAM software
CNC Mastercam, Siemens NX
Enterprise application integration software
Extensible markup language XML, IBM InfoSphere DataStage
Data base management system software
Apache Hadoop, Teradata Database
Transaction security and virus protection software
McAfee, NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software
Data mining software
Datawatch Monarch, Google Analytics
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Metadata management software
Quest Erwin Data Modeler
Geographic information system
Geographic information system GIS software
Content workflow software
Atlassian JIRA
Configuration management software
Puppet
Enterprise system management software
IBM Power Systems software
Network monitoring software
Nagios
Access software
Citrix cloud computing software
Object oriented data base management software
PostgreSQL
Desktop communications software
Eko
Communications server software
IBM Domino
Desktop publishing software
Microsoft Publisher
Facilities management software
InnQuest Software roomMaster
Transaction server software
Customer information control system CICS
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Instant messaging software
GroupMe
Computer aided design CAD software
Autodesk AutoCAD
Data base reporting software
SAP Crystal Reports
Object or component oriented development software
R
Backup or archival software
Veritas NetBackup
Materials requirements planning logistics and supply chain software
LSA Visual Easy Lean
Cloud-based management software
Splunk Enterprise
Industrial control software
Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software
Process mapping and design software
Microsoft Visio
Information retrieval or search software
LexisNexis

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Analyze data to inform operational decisions or activities.
Analyze financial records to improve efficiency.
Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.
Direct sales, marketing, or customer service activities.
Prepare staff schedules or work assignments.
Determine pricing or monetary policies.
Direct financial operations.
Provide basic information to guests, visitors, or clients.
Develop marketing plans or strategies.
Conduct employee training programs.
Hire personnel.
Implement organizational process or policy changes.

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Develop organizational goals or objectives.
Develop organizational policies or programs.
Monitor performance of organizational members or partners.
Manage environmental sustainability projects.
Plan facility layouts or designs.
Determine resource needs.
Manage construction activities.
Recommend organizational process or policy changes.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Operations Management
Professional Golf & Operations Manager

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology