File Clerks

Job Zone

Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed

Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Perform general office activities, such as typing, answering telephones, operating office machines, processing mail, or securing confidential materials.85
Keep records of materials filed or removed, using logbooks or computers and generate computerized reports.84
Input data, such as file numbers, new or updated information, or document information codes into computer systems to support document and information retrieval.84
Gather materials to be filed from departments or employees.80
Find, retrieve, and make copies of information from files in response to requests and deliver information to authorized users.79
Complete general financial activities, such as processing accounts payable, reviewing invoices, collecting cash payments, or issuing receipts.79
Track materials removed from files to ensure that borrowed files are returned.79
Add new material to file records or create new records as necessary.77
Sort or classify information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order.76
Scan or read incoming materials to determine how and where they should be classified or filed.75
Eliminate outdated or unnecessary materials, destroying them or transferring them to inactive storage, according to file maintenance guidelines or legal requirements.75
Answer questions about records or files.74

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Assign and record or stamp identification numbers or codes to index materials for filing.73
Place materials into storage receptacles, such as file cabinets, boxes, bins, or drawers, according to classification and identification information.72
Perform periodic inspections of materials or files to ensure correct placement, legibility, or proper condition.67
Retrieve documents stored in microfilm or microfiche and place them in viewers for reading.65
Operate mechanized files that rotate to bring needed records to a particular location.64
Design forms related to filing systems.64
Modify or improve filing systems or implement new filing systems.58

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Reading Comprehension72
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Active Listening60
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Speaking56
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Monitoring53
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Service Orientation53
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Writing53
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Critical Thinking50
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Social Perceptiveness50
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Time Management50
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Active Learning47
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Complex Problem Solving47
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Coordination47
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

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Judgment and Decision Making44
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Negotiation35
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Instructing31
Teaching others how to do something.
Learning Strategies31
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Management of Personnel Resources31
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Persuasion31
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Systems Evaluation31
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Mathematics28
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Management of Material Resources25
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Operation and Control25
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Quality Control Analysis25
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Systems Analysis25
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Management of Financial Resources22
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Operations Analysis19
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Operations Monitoring19
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Technology Design10
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Equipment Selection3
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Troubleshooting3
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Science0
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Administrative88
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
English Language83
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Customer and Personal Service81
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Law and Government59
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Computers and Electronics58
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Telecommunications57
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Mathematics55
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Public Safety and Security53
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Administration and Management47
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Education and Training42
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Communications and Media38
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Personnel and Human Resources38
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

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Economics and Accounting34
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Foreign Language30
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Transportation30
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Production and Processing29
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Geography27
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Psychology27
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Engineering and Technology22
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Sales and Marketing21
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Mechanical19
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Sociology and Anthropology18
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Design17
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
History and Archeology15
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Medicine and Dentistry15
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Philosophy and Theology15
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Therapy and Counseling15
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Biology13
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Chemistry13
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Food Production13
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Physics13
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Building and Construction12
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Fine Arts12
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Information Ordering81
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Written Comprehension78
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Category Flexibility75
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Near Vision75
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Oral Comprehension72
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression69
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Expression63
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Perceptual Speed60
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Selective Attention60
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Speech Clarity56
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Deductive Reasoning53
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Speech Recognition53
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

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Flexibility of Closure50
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Fluency of Ideas50
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Inductive Reasoning50
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Problem Sensitivity50
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Far Vision47
The ability to see details at a distance.
Originality47
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Arm-Hand Steadiness41
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Finger Dexterity41
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Manual Dexterity38
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Speed of Closure38
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Memorization35
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Time Sharing35
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Trunk Strength35
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Number Facility31
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Wrist-Finger Speed31
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Mathematical Reasoning28
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Multilimb Coordination28
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Control Precision25
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Extent Flexibility25
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Gross Body Coordination25
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium25
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Stamina25
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength25
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Visual Color Discrimination25
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Visualization25
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Dynamic Strength22
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Auditory Attention19
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Hearing Sensitivity16
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Depth Perception10
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Explosive Strength6
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Reaction Time6
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Dynamic Flexibility3
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Night Vision3
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Rate Control3
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Speed of Limb Movement3
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Working with Computers89
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work88
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Processing Information87
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships82
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge82
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Analyzing Data or Information80
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems80
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Documenting/Recording Information79
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Getting Information79
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates77
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Performing Administrative Activities75
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards74
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

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Communicating with People Outside the Organization72
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events71
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings71
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others69
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others68
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Scheduling Work and Activities68
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Developing and Building Teams66
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Training and Teaching Others65
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Developing Objectives and Strategies61
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People60
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public60
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others56
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Assisting and Caring for Others54
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Thinking Creatively53
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others52
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates48
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Coaching and Developing Others42
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Controlling Machines and Processes42
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Performing General Physical Activities40
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Handling and Moving Objects39
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Staffing Organizational Units39
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources38
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information35
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials34
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Selling or Influencing Others33
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment32
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment21
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment19
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment15
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Attention to Detail84
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Dependability75
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Integrity55
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Cautiousness39
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Cooperation33
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Perseverance13
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Self-Control11
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Humility10
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Achievement Orientation9
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Sincerity9
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Initiative8
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Stress Tolerance8
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.

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Social Orientation7
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Adaptability5
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Optimism0
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Self-Confidence0
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Conventional100
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Realistic24
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Social18
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Enterprising13
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Investigative5
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Artistic0
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Telephone Conversations
- Every day100%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day78%
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others70%
- Contact with others most of the time24%
E-Mail
- Every day76%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually52%
- More than half the time20%
- About half the time24%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important48%
- Very important38%
Time Pressure
- Every day34%
- Once a week or more but not every day56%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important53%
- Very important22%
- Fairly important17%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important58%
- Very important11%
- Important17%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day73%
- Never20%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important48%
- Very important20%
- Not important at all14%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom18%
- Some freedom49%
- Limited freedom25%

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Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours30%
- 40 hours66%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom17%
- Some freedom33%
- Limited freedom24%
- Very little freedom25%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day32%
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
- Once a year or more but not every month31%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important20%
- Very important11%
- Important46%
- Fairly important14%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day42%
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never24%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually32%
- About half the time24%
- Never34%
Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)15%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)58%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)22%
Consequence of Error
- Extremely serious20%
- Very serious21%
- Serious14%
- Fairly serious20%
- Not serious at all25%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results18%
- Important results14%
- Moderate results15%
- Minor results50%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day19%
- Once a month or more but not every week48%
- Never22%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day23%
- Once a month or more but not every week40%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- High responsibility24%
- Moderate responsibility16%
- Limited responsibility37%
- No responsibility17%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually32%
- Never56%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- More than half the time24%
- Less than half the time51%
- Never17%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility16%
- High responsibility16%
- Limited responsibility21%
- No responsibility41%
Spend Time Standing
- About half the time30%
- Less than half the time57%
Degree of Automation
- Highly automated21%
- Moderately automated11%
- Slightly automated17%
- Not at all automated51%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
- Never63%
Level of Competition
- Moderately competitive16%
- Slightly competitive30%
- Not at all competitive45%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all69%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- About half the time23%
- Less than half the time34%
- Never44%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- About half the time14%
- Less than half the time23%
- Never56%
Public Speaking
- Once a month or more but not every week11%
- Once a year or more but not every month33%
- Never52%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never76%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Never78%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month19%
- Never70%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never77%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never84%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Never85%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never91%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Never91%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Never91%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never97%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Never91%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never92%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never91%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never90%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Never94%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never95%
Exposed to High Places
- Never95%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never91%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)97%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never98%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Associate’s degree or other 2-year degree
High school diploma or equivalent
Some college, no degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Electronic mail software
Email software, Microsoft Outlook
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft SharePoint
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Medical software
Electronic health record EHR software
Filesystem software
Electronic filing software
Accounting software
Intuit QuickBooks
Optical character reader OCR or scanning software
Optical scanning software
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Operating system software
Microsoft Windows
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Data base user interface and query software
Microsoft Access

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Operate office equipment.
Sort mail.
Type documents.
Maintain inventory records.
Enter information into databases or software programs.
Compile data or documentation.
Provide information to coworkers.
Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.
Track goods or materials.
Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
File documents or records.
Read materials to determine needed actions.

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Store records or related materials.
Attach identification information to products, items or containers.
Store items.
Examine documents to verify adherence to requirements.
Develop data analysis or data management procedures.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology