Designers

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Key information into computer equipment to create layouts for client or supervisor.93
Review final layouts and suggest improvements, as needed.91
Determine size and arrangement of illustrative material and copy, and select style and size of type.90
Develop graphics and layouts for product illustrations, company logos, and Web sites.89
Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts, based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts.88
Use computer software to generate new images.87
Prepare digital files for printing.86
Confer with clients to discuss and determine layout design.82
Research the target audience of projects.81
Draw and print charts, graphs, illustrations, and other artwork, using computer.79
Mark up, paste, and assemble final layouts to prepare layouts for printer.78
Study illustrations and photographs to plan presentation of materials, products, or services.78

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Maintain archive of images, photos, or previous work products.78
Prepare notes and instructions for workers who assemble and prepare final layouts for printing.75
Prepare illustrations or rough sketches of material, discussing them with clients or supervisors and making necessary changes.75
Research new software or design concepts.63
Produce still and animated graphics for on-air and taped portions of television news broadcasts, using electronic video equipment.50
Photograph layouts, using camera, to make layout prints for supervisors or clients.46
Write or edit copy for clients.46

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening69
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Speaking60
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Active Learning56
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Critical Thinking56
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Writing56
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Complex Problem Solving53
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Coordination53
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Judgment and Decision Making53
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Reading Comprehension53
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Social Perceptiveness53
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Time Management53
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Monitoring50
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

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Negotiation50
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Persuasion50
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Service Orientation50
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Systems Analysis47
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Instructing44
Teaching others how to do something.
Learning Strategies44
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Operations Analysis44
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Systems Evaluation41
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Management of Personnel Resources31
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Technology Design31
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Programming28
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Management of Material Resources25
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Mathematics25
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Operations Monitoring25
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Management of Financial Resources22
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Quality Control Analysis22
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Equipment Selection3
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Operation and Control3
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Science3
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Troubleshooting0
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Design93
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Computers and Electronics85
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Fine Arts85
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Communications and Media83
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
English Language70
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Sales and Marketing66
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Customer and Personal Service64
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Production and Processing58
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Administration and Management50
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Administrative46
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Education and Training45
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Psychology44
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

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Engineering and Technology40
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Sociology and Anthropology39
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Personnel and Human Resources38
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Economics and Accounting33
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Mathematics32
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Telecommunications30
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Geography26
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
History and Archeology23
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Philosophy and Theology23
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Law and Government20
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Foreign Language19
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Public Safety and Security18
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Mechanical15
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Building and Construction14
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Physics14
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Transportation12
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Therapy and Counseling10
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Chemistry6
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Food Production6
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Biology5
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Medicine and Dentistry5
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Originality75
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Fluency of Ideas72
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Near Vision72
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Written Comprehension69
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Oral Comprehension66
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression63
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Expression63
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Deductive Reasoning56
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Speech Clarity56
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition56
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Visual Color Discrimination56
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Inductive Reasoning53
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

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Information Ordering53
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Problem Sensitivity53
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Visualization53
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Category Flexibility50
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Far Vision44
The ability to see details at a distance.
Flexibility of Closure44
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Perceptual Speed44
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Time Sharing41
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Arm-Hand Steadiness38
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Finger Dexterity35
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Control Precision31
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Speed of Closure31
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Manual Dexterity28
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Mathematical Reasoning25
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Memorization25
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Number Facility25
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Hearing Sensitivity22
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength22
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Auditory Attention19
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Depth Perception19
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Wrist-Finger Speed10
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Dynamic Strength6
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Thinking Creatively98
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Working with Computers94
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Getting Information90
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates80
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships80
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems80
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work80
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge75
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization74
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events66
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others66
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others65
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

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Developing Objectives and Strategies63
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Processing Information61
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Scheduling Work and Activities61
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others56
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Selling or Influencing Others56
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Training and Teaching Others55
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Developing and Building Teams54
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment54
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others51
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Coaching and Developing Others50
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Documenting/Recording Information50
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards50
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates50
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People50
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings45
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Performing Administrative Activities43
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Analyzing Data or Information41
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public41
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information40
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Assisting and Caring for Others36
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources36
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Controlling Machines and Processes35
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials31
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Staffing Organizational Units29
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment23
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Handling and Moving Objects20
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment19
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Performing General Physical Activities16
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment14
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Innovation84
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Attention to Detail80
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Dependability57
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Achievement Orientation56
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Adaptability55
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Intellectual Curiosity48
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Tolerance for Ambiguity44
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Perseverance42
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Self-Confidence41
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Initiative39
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Cooperation38
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Social Orientation29
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.

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Stress Tolerance24
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Integrity23
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Self-Control23
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Optimism22
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Sincerity22
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Cautiousness17
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Empathy17
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Leadership Orientation11
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Humility1
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Artistic100
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Conventional49
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Enterprising41
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Realistic40
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Investigative31
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Social19
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day90%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually79%
- More than half the time21%
Time Pressure
- Every day70%
- Once a week or more but not every day25%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day53%
- Once a week or more but not every day42%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important67%
- Very important11%
- Important22%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important56%
- Very important28%
- Important17%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day74%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Level of Competition
- Extremely competitive42%
- Highly competitive53%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day47%
- Once a week or more but not every day37%
- Once a month or more but not every week11%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others40%
- Contact with others most of the time55%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom35%
- Some freedom40%
- Limited freedom25%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours55%
- 40 hours45%

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Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom35%
- Some freedom40%
- Limited freedom25%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually53%
- More than half the time16%
- Never21%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important26%
- Very important21%
- Important37%
- Fairly important16%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually53%
- About half the time11%
- Less than half the time11%
- Never21%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important16%
- Very important32%
- Important32%
- Fairly important21%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day26%
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
- Once a month or more but not every week37%
- Once a year or more but not every month16%
- Never11%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results15%
- Important results40%
- Moderate results15%
- Minor results15%
- No results15%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day21%
- Once a week or more but not every day32%
- Once a month or more but not every week16%
- Never26%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility11%
- High responsibility26%
- Moderate responsibility32%
- Limited responsibility26%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Very important30%
- Important30%
- Fairly important15%
- Not important at all15%
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)16%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)58%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)16%
- I don't work near other people (beyond 100 ft.)11%
Public Speaking
- Once a week or more but not every day30%
- Once a month or more but not every week20%
- Once a year or more but not every month35%
- Never15%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day15%
- Once a month or more but not every week25%
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never25%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a month or more but not every week37%
- Once a year or more but not every month42%
- Never16%
Consequence of Error
- Serious32%
- Fairly serious16%
- Not serious at all47%
Spend Time Standing
- Less than half the time79%
- Never16%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Moderate responsibility20%
- Limited responsibility35%
- No responsibility45%
Work Schedules
- Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)35%
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)65%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated11%
- Slightly automated28%
- Not at all automated56%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never60%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time47%
- Never53%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a year or more but not every month16%
- Never74%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month20%
- Never75%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month26%
- Never68%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never70%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Important11%
- Not important at all84%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month15%
- Never80%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time22%
- Never78%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month16%
- Never84%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Once a year or more but not every month16%
- Never84%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Less than half the time11%
- Never89%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Never90%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never95%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never94%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never95%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never95%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never95%
Exposed to High Places
- Never95%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never95%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never95%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never95%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never95%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never95%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
High school diploma or equivalent
Master’s degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Web platform development software
AJAX, Cascading style sheets CSS, Hypertext markup language HTML, PHP
Video creation and editing software
Adobe After Effects, Apple Final Cut Pro, WeVideo, YouTube
Computer aided design CAD software
Autodesk AutoCAD, Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D, Autodesk Revit, Bentley MicroStation
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Illustrator, Canva, Trimble SketchUp Pro
Desktop publishing software
Adobe Distiller, Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Macromedia HomeSite, Facebook, WordPress
Presentation software
Apple iWork Keynote, Apple Keynote, Google Slides, Microsoft PowerPoint
Data base user interface and query software
FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Access, Structured query language SQL
Electronic mail software
IBM Notes, Microsoft Outlook
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, PDF readers
Development environment software
Adobe ActionScript, Verilog
Office suite software
Corel WordPerfect Office Suite, Microsoft Office software
Operating system software
Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows
Word processing software
Google Docs, Microsoft Word
Internet browser software
Google Chrome, Web browser software
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Accounting software
Intuit QuickBooks
Optical character reader OCR or scanning software
Nuance OmniPage Professional
Customer relationship management CRM software
Oracle Eloqua
Enterprise application integration software
Extensible markup language XML
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Google Drive
Graphical user interface development software
Figma
Sales and marketing software
Google Ads
Music or sound editing software
Avid Pro Tools
Object or component oriented development software
jQuery
Project management software
Microsoft Project
Process mapping and design software
Microsoft Visio

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Design layout of art or product exhibits, displays, or promotional materials.
Collaborate with others to develop or refine designs.
Review art or design materials.
Design layouts for print publications.
Create computer-generated graphics or animation.
Operate photographic developing or print production equipment.
Perform administrative or clerical tasks.
Confer with clients to determine needs.
Collect data about customer needs.
Conduct market research.
Conduct research to inform art, designs, or other work.
Draw detailed or technical illustrations.

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Maintain records, documents, or other files.
Research new technologies.
Edit written materials.
Operate still or video cameras or related equipment.
Write advertising or promotional material.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Graphic Designer

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology