Counselors

Job Zone

Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.91
Counsel students regarding educational issues, such as course and program selection, class scheduling and registration, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning.89
Provide crisis intervention to students when difficult situations occur at schools.86
Counsel individuals or groups to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems affecting their educational or vocational situations.86
Review transcripts to ensure that students meet graduation or college entrance requirements, and write letters of recommendation.85
Identify cases of domestic abuse or other family problems and encourage students or parents to seek additional assistance from mental health professionals.85
Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.82
Refer students to outside counseling services.82
Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, administrators, and other professionals to discuss children's progress, resolve behavioral, academic, and other problems, and to determine priorities for students and their resource needs.82
Refer students to degree programs based on interests, aptitudes, or educational assessments.80
Evaluate students' or individuals' abilities, interests, and personality characteristics, using tests, records, interviews, or professional sources.79
Provide special services such as alcohol and drug prevention programs and classes that teach students to handle conflicts without resorting to violence.79

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Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.76
Provide students with information on topics such as college degree programs and admission requirements, financial aid opportunities, trade and technical schools, and apprenticeship programs.75
Conduct follow-up interviews with counselees to determine if their needs have been met.72
Instruct individuals in career development techniques, such as job search and application strategies, resume writing, and interview skills.70
Assess needs for assistance, such as rehabilitation, financial aid, or additional vocational training, and refer clients to the appropriate services.70
Establish and enforce administration policies and rules governing student behavior.69
Plan and promote career and employment-related programs and events, such as career planning presentations, work experience programs, job fairs, and career workshops.68
Attend meetings, educational conferences, and training workshops, and serve on committees.68
Teach classes and present self-help or information sessions on subjects related to education and career planning.67
Plan and conduct orientation programs and group conferences to promote the adjustment of individuals to new life experiences, such as starting college.67
Address community groups, faculty, and staff members to explain available counseling services.65
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.64
Supervise, train, and direct professional staff and interns.64
Provide information for teachers and staff members involved in helping students or graduates identify and pursue employment opportunities.62
Interview clients to obtain information about employment history, educational background, and career goals, and to identify barriers to employment.62
Collaborate with teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of school programs and in the preparation of master schedules for curriculum offerings.61
Plan, direct, and participate in recruitment and enrollment activities.60
Compile and study occupational, educational, and economic information to assist counselees in determining and carrying out vocational and educational objectives.60
Establish contacts with employers to create internship and employment opportunities for students.59
Establish and supervise peer-counseling and peer-tutoring programs.57
Observe students during classroom and play activities to evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.53
Refer qualified counselees to employers or employment services for job placement.53
Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.43

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening85
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Social Perceptiveness78
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Speaking78
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Service Orientation75
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Critical Thinking72
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Reading Comprehension72
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Writing72
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Active Learning69
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Complex Problem Solving69
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Learning Strategies69
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Monitoring69
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Coordination66
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

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Instructing66
Teaching others how to do something.
Judgment and Decision Making66
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Persuasion66
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Negotiation60
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Time Management53
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Systems Analysis50
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation50
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Management of Personnel Resources47
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Mathematics31
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Management of Financial Resources13
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources13
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Operations Monitoring13
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Quality Control Analysis13
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Science13
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Operations Analysis10
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Technology Design10
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Troubleshooting6
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Operation and Control0
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Customer and Personal Service77
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
English Language73
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Therapy and Counseling65
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Education and Training61
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Psychology54
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Administrative53
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Administration and Management47
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Sociology and Anthropology46
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Computers and Electronics43
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Public Safety and Security41
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Law and Government38
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Communications and Media33
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

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Philosophy and Theology29
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Personnel and Human Resources28
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Mathematics27
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Sales and Marketing24
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Foreign Language21
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Transportation14
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
History and Archeology13
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Telecommunications13
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Biology10
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Engineering and Technology10
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Geography8
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Mechanical8
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Production and Processing8
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Design7
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Economics and Accounting7
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Medicine and Dentistry7
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Fine Arts6
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Physics6
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Building and Construction5
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Chemistry5
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Food Production3
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension81
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression81
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Written Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Deductive Reasoning69
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Inductive Reasoning69
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Problem Sensitivity69
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Speech Clarity69
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Fluency of Ideas66
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Speech Recognition66
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Information Ordering60
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Near Vision60
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

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Category Flexibility53
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Originality53
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Selective Attention53
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Flexibility of Closure44
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Mathematical Reasoning41
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Memorization41
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Perceptual Speed41
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Far Vision38
The ability to see details at a distance.
Time Sharing38
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Speed of Closure35
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Visualization35
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Number Facility28
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Auditory Attention25
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Visual Color Discrimination22
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Hearing Sensitivity19
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength19
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Wrist-Finger Speed13
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Depth Perception10
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Manual Dexterity6
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Reaction Time6
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation3
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Stamina3
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Arm-Hand Steadiness0
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Control Precision0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Dynamic Strength0
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Finger Dexterity0
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates94
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Getting Information94
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships93
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems90
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Working with Computers86
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge85
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others83
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Processing Information82
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work81
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Documenting/Recording Information78
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization77
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards77
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

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Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events73
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Analyzing Data or Information72
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public72
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others71
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Assisting and Caring for Others69
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Thinking Creatively67
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Developing Objectives and Strategies66
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings66
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others66
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Coaching and Developing Others63
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Scheduling Work and Activities63
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Performing Administrative Activities58
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Developing and Building Teams57
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Training and Teaching Others57
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People55
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others52
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates45
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information43
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials40
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Selling or Influencing Others40
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources30
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Staffing Organizational Units22
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Performing General Physical Activities20
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Handling and Moving Objects16
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Controlling Machines and Processes14
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment9
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment4
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment0
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment0
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Empathy100
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Cooperation88
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Dependability85
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Optimism83
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Social Orientation81
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Sincerity76
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Integrity75
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Self-Control71
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Stress Tolerance66
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Attention to Detail64
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Perseverance63
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Adaptability61
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.

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Achievement Orientation56
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Intellectual Curiosity55
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Self-Confidence55
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Initiative52
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Tolerance for Ambiguity50
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Humility47
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Innovation43
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Leadership Orientation41
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Cautiousness37
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Social100
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Conventional52
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Enterprising49
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Investigative38
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Artistic36
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Realistic0
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day98%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day96%
E-Mail
- Every day96%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others87%
- Contact with others most of the time13%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important86%
- Very important12%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day85%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important75%
- Very important14%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually46%
- More than half the time36%
- About half the time18%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom32%
- Some freedom52%
- Limited freedom15%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results36%
- Important results46%
- Moderate results14%
Conflict Situations
- Every day48%
- Once a week or more but not every day23%
- Once a month or more but not every week23%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important43%
- Very important36%

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Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom26%
- Some freedom49%
- Limited freedom23%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important33%
- Very important43%
- Important15%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day35%
- Once a week or more but not every day28%
- Once a month or more but not every week31%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Every day34%
- Once a week or more but not every day20%
- Once a month or more but not every week35%
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
Time Pressure
- Once a week or more but not every day56%
- Once a month or more but not every week34%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours40%
- 40 hours56%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important21%
- Very important32%
- Important19%
- Fairly important24%
Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)18%
- Moderately close (at arm's length)37%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)15%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)30%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day18%
- Once a week or more but not every day39%
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
- Never23%
Consequence of Error
- Extremely serious19%
- Very serious19%
- Serious19%
- Fairly serious26%
- Not serious at all17%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- High responsibility27%
- Limited responsibility40%
- No responsibility13%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- High responsibility21%
- Moderate responsibility25%
- Limited responsibility29%
- No responsibility16%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a week or more but not every day27%
- Once a month or more but not every week34%
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never14%
Level of Competition
- Highly competitive12%
- Moderately competitive53%
- Slightly competitive34%
Public Speaking
- Once a month or more but not every week66%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually14%
- More than half the time11%
- Less than half the time26%
- Never41%
Spend Time Standing
- About half the time26%
- Less than half the time73%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Once a month or more but not every week29%
- Once a year or more but not every month20%
- Never37%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually14%
- Never63%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
- Once a year or more but not every month60%
- Never25%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- About half the time15%
- Less than half the time72%
- Never13%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never55%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Never76%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time26%
- Never64%
Degree of Automation
- Slightly automated31%
- Not at all automated61%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a year or more but not every month15%
- Never74%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month36%
- Never63%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Once a year or more but not every month31%
- Never67%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time34%
- Never66%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
- Never70%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month27%
- Never71%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never89%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never81%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never90%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never92%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never91%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never96%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all96%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)99%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never100%
Exposed to High Places
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never100%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never100%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
Master’s degree
Associate’s degree or other 2-year degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Data base user interface and query software
Blackboard software, Database software, Microsoft Access, Zoomerang
Analytical or scientific software
ACT WorkKeys, Career Dimensions Focus 2, Computerized testing programs, Counseling software
Computer based training software
Common Curriculum, Moodle, Padlet, Schoology
Web page creation and editing software
Facebook, LinkedIn, Orbius, Web page design and editing software
Project management software
Google Classroom, Microsoft Project, Palm Pal Transana, Productivity software
Electronic mail software
Email software, Microsoft Outlook, Yahoo! Email
Presentation software
Blackboard Wimba, Microsoft PowerPoint, Prezi
Spreadsheet software
EZAnalyze, Microsoft Excel
Medical software
Athena Software Penelope Case Management, Healthcare common procedure coding system HCPCS
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Photoshop, SmugMug Flickr
Video conferencing software
Google Meet, LogMeIn GoToMeeting
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Microsoft Dynamics, Oracle PeopleSoft
Word processing software
Google Docs, Microsoft Word
Internet browser software
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Web browser software
Network monitoring software
Computer-assisted live supervision
Document management software
Microsoft SharePoint
Development environment software
Adobe ActionScript
Desktop communications software
Bloomz
Desktop publishing software
Microsoft Publisher
Video creation and editing software
Screencastify
Customer relationship management CRM software
Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge
Network conferencing software
Chat software
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Google Drive
Instant messaging software
GroupMe
Data base reporting software
Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS
Human resources software
Oracle Taleo
Web platform development software
Ext JS
Information retrieval or search software
LexisNexis
Mobile messaging service software
Intrado SchoolMessenger

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Complete documentation required by programs or regulations.
Counsel clients regarding educational or vocational issues.
Counsel clients regarding interpersonal issues.
Counsel clients or patients regarding personal issues.
Intervene in crisis situations to assist clients.
Evaluate characteristics of individuals to determine needs or eligibility.
Write reports or evaluations.
Evaluate potential problems in home or work environments of clients.
Help clients get needed services or resources.
Collaborate with other professionals to assess client needs or plan treatments.
Confer with family members to discuss client treatment plans or progress.
Refer individuals to educational or work programs.

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Develop educational programs.
Assist clients in handling details of daily life.
Interview clients to gather information about their backgrounds, needs, or progress.
Assess individual or community needs for educational or social services.
Refer clients to community or social service programs.
Teach life skills or strategies to clients or their families.
Develop educational policies.
Plan programs to address community mental wellness needs.
Present social services program information to the public.
Maintain professional social services knowledge.
Lead classes or community events.
Supervise workers providing client or patient services.
Train staff members in social services skills.
Advise others on social or educational issues.
Collaborate with other professionals to develop education or assistance programs.
Promote educational institutions or programs.
Analyze market conditions or trends.
Compile data or documentation.
Update professional knowledge.
Develop working relationships with others to facilitate program activities.
Assess educational needs of students.
Monitor student performance.
Observe individuals' activities to gather information or compile evidence.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Counselor

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology