Billing and Posting Clerks

Job Zone

Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed

Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors.92
Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates.84
Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered.81
Answer inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures.81
Keep records of invoices and support documents.78
Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines.76
Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand.74
Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services.74
Consult sources, such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives, to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information.73
Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due.71
Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment.70
Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.68

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Create billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms.65
Perform general administrative tasks, such as answering telephones, scheduling appointments, and ordering supplies or equipment.65
Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents.63
Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods.62
Contact customers to obtain or relay account information.61
Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation.61
Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.60
Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment.58
Compare previously prepared bank statements with canceled checks and reconcile discrepancies.56
Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers.56
Return checks to customers or retrieve checks returned to customers in error, adjusting accounts and answering inquiries about errors as necessary.54
Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks.50
Verify signatures and required information on checks.46
Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems.35

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Reading Comprehension69
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Speaking53
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Active Listening50
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Critical Thinking50
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Mathematics50
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Monitoring50
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Writing50
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Time Management47
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Social Perceptiveness44
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Active Learning41
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Complex Problem Solving41
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Judgment and Decision Making41
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

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Service Orientation41
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Coordination38
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Learning Strategies28
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Instructing25
Teaching others how to do something.
Management of Personnel Resources25
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Negotiation25
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Operations Monitoring25
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Persuasion25
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Systems Analysis25
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation25
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Programming19
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Quality Control Analysis19
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operation and Control16
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Management of Financial Resources13
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources13
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Troubleshooting13
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Repairing6
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Equipment Maintenance3
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Operations Analysis3
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Science0
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Technology Design0
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

English Language77
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Mathematics75
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Administration and Management69
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Economics and Accounting67
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Administrative64
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Customer and Personal Service59
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Education and Training51
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Computers and Electronics48
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Communications and Media44
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Personnel and Human Resources42
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Public Safety and Security40
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Production and Processing37
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

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Law and Government35
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Psychology32
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Medicine and Dentistry29
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Sales and Marketing26
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Transportation26
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Telecommunications24
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Geography19
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Sociology and Anthropology18
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Philosophy and Theology16
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Foreign Language15
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Therapy and Counseling15
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Engineering and Technology13
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Chemistry12
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Biology11
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Fine Arts11
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
History and Archeology11
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Mechanical10
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Building and Construction9
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Physics9
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Design8
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Food Production4
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Near Vision69
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Information Ordering63
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Written Comprehension63
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Oral Expression60
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Oral Comprehension53
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Speech Recognition53
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Category Flexibility50
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Deductive Reasoning50
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Inductive Reasoning50
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Mathematical Reasoning50
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Number Facility50
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Problem Sensitivity50
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.

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Speech Clarity50
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Written Expression50
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Selective Attention41
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Flexibility of Closure38
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Perceptual Speed38
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Time Sharing31
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Memorization28
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Speed of Closure28
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Trunk Strength28
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Auditory Attention25
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Far Vision25
The ability to see details at a distance.
Fluency of Ideas25
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Hearing Sensitivity25
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Originality25
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Visual Color Discrimination22
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Visualization22
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Wrist-Finger Speed22
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Dynamic Strength19
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Finger Dexterity13
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Manual Dexterity13
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Arm-Hand Steadiness10
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Control Precision10
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Depth Perception0
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Working with Computers89
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates80
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Getting Information79
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Processing Information77
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships74
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Documenting/Recording Information64
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Performing Administrative Activities63
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Analyzing Data or Information61
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge60
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems59
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work58
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards57
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

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Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events54
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization45
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others41
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Assisting and Caring for Others40
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings38
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others35
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Training and Teaching Others35
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Scheduling Work and Activities29
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public28
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Coaching and Developing Others26
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources26
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Developing Objectives and Strategies23
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others23
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others22
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Developing and Building Teams16
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Handling and Moving Objects16
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Thinking Creatively13
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates12
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Selling or Influencing Others12
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information11
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Staffing Organizational Units10
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People9
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment5
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials4
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Controlling Machines and Processes2
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Performing General Physical Activities1
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment0
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment0
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment0
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Attention to Detail91
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Dependability82
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Integrity70
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Cautiousness60
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Perseverance29
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Cooperation27
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Achievement Orientation26
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Self-Control25
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Stress Tolerance22
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Sincerity18
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Self-Confidence11
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Initiative8
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.

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Social Orientation7
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Humility6
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Adaptability3
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Optimism1
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Conventional100
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Realistic31
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Enterprising29
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Investigative10
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Social8
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Artistic0
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important88%
- Very important12%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually93%
E-Mail
- Every day73%
- Once a week or more but not every day24%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important59%
- Very important34%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others56%
- Contact with others most of the time34%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important61%
- Very important14%
- Important25%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom44%
- Some freedom47%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day58%
- Once a week or more but not every day17%
- Once a month or more but not every week25%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom33%
- Some freedom59%
Time Pressure
- Every day21%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day57%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month24%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important17%
- Important14%

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Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day22%
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day58%
- Never37%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually33%
- More than half the time26%
- Less than half the time27%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results11%
- Important results29%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important49%
- Not important at all34%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- High responsibility42%
- Moderate responsibility28%
- Limited responsibility11%
- No responsibility11%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- 40 hours92%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Every day28%
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
- Never45%
Degree of Automation
- Highly automated27%
- Moderately automated23%
- Slightly automated47%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day16%
- Once a month or more but not every week37%
- Once a year or more but not every month46%
Physical Proximity
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)59%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)25%
Written Letters and Memos
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
- Once a month or more but not every week42%
- Never33%
Level of Competition
- Moderately competitive70%
- Not at all competitive21%
Conflict Situations
- Once a month or more but not every week36%
- Once a year or more but not every month41%
- Never17%
Consequence of Error
- Serious30%
- Fairly serious50%
- Not serious at all16%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Moderate responsibility32%
- Limited responsibility12%
- No responsibility44%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- More than half the time26%
- Never62%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Every day24%
- Never72%
Spend Time Standing
- Less than half the time78%
- Never17%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a month or more but not every week27%
- Never70%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
Exposed to Contaminants
- Once a year or more but not every month30%
- Never64%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Never87%
Public Speaking
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
- Never75%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time18%
- Never80%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never85%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Never95%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Never88%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never97%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Never95%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never97%
Exposed to High Places
- Never97%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never95%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all97%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never100%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never100%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never100%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Never100%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never100%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never100%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never100%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
High school diploma or equivalent
Associate’s degree or other 2-year degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Accounting software
Allscripts Professional PM, Intuit QuickBooks, Sage 50 Accounting, Thomson Reuters Elite Enterprise
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Medical software
eMDs Medisoft, Epic Systems, Medical procedure coding software, MEDITECH software
Graphics or photo imaging software
Check imaging software, Fiserv PEP+ reACH, Mitek Systems ImageNet Payments, VECTORsgi Image Exchange Solution
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Microsoft Dynamics, Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne, Oracle PeopleSoft Financials, SAP software
Financial analysis software
Accuity EPICWare, Oracle E-Business Suite Financials, Positive pay software, QuoteWerks
Document management software
Check processing software, File management systems, VECTORsgi Check Management Solution
Access software
Image Deposit Exchange Check Station, Remote deposit capture software
Data base user interface and query software
Database software, Microsoft Access
Billing and invoicing software
Automated billing software, Medical billing software
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Electronic mail software
Microsoft Outlook
Optical character reader OCR or scanning software
Optical character recognition OCR software
Expert system software
Aderant legal software
Customer relationship management CRM software
HelpIT Systems addressIT
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Operating system software
Microsoft Windows
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Business intelligence and data analysis software
IBM Cognos Impromptu
Internet browser software
Web browser software
Project management software
Microsoft Project
Industrial control software
Check sorting control software

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
Analyze financial information.
Maintain financial or account records.
Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.
Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
Operate office equipment.
Maintain operational records.
Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.
Calculate costs of goods or services.
Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
Reconcile records of sales or other financial transactions.
Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information.

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Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
Prepare financial documents.
Schedule appointments.
Calculate shipping costs.
Discuss account status or activity with customers or patrons.
Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning.
Prepare informational or reference materials.
Weigh parcels to determine shipping costs.
Route mail to correct destinations.
Calculate financial data.
Respond to customer problems or complaints.
Provide information to coworkers.
Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition.
Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology