Advertising Sales Agents

Job Zone

Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed

Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Explain to customers how specific types of advertising will help promote their products or services in the most effective way possible.86
Prepare and deliver sales presentations to new and existing customers to sell new advertising programs and to protect and increase existing advertising.84
Obtain and study information about clients' products, needs, problems, advertising history, and business practices to offer effective sales presentations and appropriate product assistance.84
Provide clients with estimates of the costs of advertising products or services.83
Maintain assigned account bases while developing new accounts.83
Recommend appropriate sizes and formats for advertising, depending on medium used.83
Locate and contact potential clients to offer advertising services.82
Draw up contracts for advertising work, and collect payments due.81
Deliver advertising or illustration proofs to customers for approval.81
Process all correspondence and paperwork related to accounts.80
Consult with company officials, sales departments, and advertising agencies to develop promotional plans.78
Determine advertising medium to be used, and prepare sample advertisements within the selected medium for presentation to customers.78

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Prepare promotional plans, sales literature, media kits, and sales contracts, using computer.78
Arrange for commercial taping sessions, and accompany clients to sessions.77
Inform customers of available options for advertisement artwork, and provide samples.76
Gather all relevant material for bid processes, and coordinate bidding and contract approval.75
Identify new advertising markets, and propose products to serve them.75
Write copy as part of layout.68
Attend sales meetings, industry trade shows, and training seminars to gather information, promote products, expand network of contacts, and increase knowledge.64
Write sales outlines for use by staff.57
Write and produce radio advertisements.—

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Persuasion78
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Speaking78
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Active Listening75
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Negotiation72
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Social Perceptiveness72
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Reading Comprehension66
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Service Orientation66
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Critical Thinking56
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Writing56
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Complex Problem Solving53
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Judgment and Decision Making53
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Monitoring53
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

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Active Learning50
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Coordination50
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Systems Analysis50
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Time Management50
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Mathematics47
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Learning Strategies44
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Systems Evaluation38
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Management of Personnel Resources35
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Instructing31
Teaching others how to do something.
Operations Analysis31
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Management of Financial Resources28
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources19
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Operations Monitoring19
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Technology Design19
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Operation and Control16
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Quality Control Analysis16
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Science0
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Troubleshooting0
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Sales and Marketing96
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
English Language82
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Customer and Personal Service80
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Communications and Media78
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Computers and Electronics64
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Administrative61
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Mathematics51
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Administration and Management45
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Telecommunications44
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Economics and Accounting43
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Personnel and Human Resources39
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Psychology35
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

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Education and Training33
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Production and Processing33
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Design30
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Law and Government29
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Public Safety and Security25
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Fine Arts24
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Transportation23
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Philosophy and Theology19
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Geography18
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Sociology and Anthropology17
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Engineering and Technology14
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
History and Archeology11
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Foreign Language7
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Therapy and Counseling7
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Food Production4
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Physics4
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Medicine and Dentistry3
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Biology2
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Building and Construction2
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Chemistry2
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Mechanical2
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension78
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression78
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Speech Clarity78
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition75
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Written Expression72
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Near Vision66
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Fluency of Ideas56
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Category Flexibility53
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Deductive Reasoning53
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Inductive Reasoning53
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Information Ordering53
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

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Originality53
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Problem Sensitivity50
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Selective Attention50
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Far Vision47
The ability to see details at a distance.
Flexibility of Closure47
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Number Facility47
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Speed of Closure47
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Visualization47
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Mathematical Reasoning44
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Memorization44
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Perceptual Speed41
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Time Sharing41
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Visual Color Discrimination35
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Trunk Strength25
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Auditory Attention19
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Depth Perception19
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Hearing Sensitivity19
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Wrist-Finger Speed10
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Peripheral Vision6
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Sound Localization6
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation6
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Arm-Hand Steadiness3
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Control Precision3
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Finger Dexterity3
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Glare Sensitivity3
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Multilimb Coordination3
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision3
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Dynamic Strength0
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Manual Dexterity0
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work91
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Working with Computers91
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization89
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships88
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Thinking Creatively86
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems84
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Selling or Influencing Others83
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Scheduling Work and Activities76
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates75
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Developing Objectives and Strategies75
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Analyzing Data or Information72
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge70
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

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Getting Information68
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others67
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events66
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Processing Information66
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Documenting/Recording Information65
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others65
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Developing and Building Teams63
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People61
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings60
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information59
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards59
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Coaching and Developing Others58
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others58
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Training and Teaching Others58
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates55
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others54
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Performing Administrative Activities49
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources46
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Staffing Organizational Units46
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public34
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Performing General Physical Activities25
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials24
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment21
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Controlling Machines and Processes18
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Handling and Moving Objects15
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Assisting and Caring for Others13
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment8
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment8
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment8
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Social Orientation94
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Perseverance92
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Achievement Orientation78
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Self-Confidence75
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Optimism70
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Dependability69
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Initiative65
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Stress Tolerance59
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Adaptability58
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Innovation54
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Self-Control53
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Cooperation52
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.

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Leadership Orientation51
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Tolerance for Ambiguity49
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Attention to Detail45
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Empathy41
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Integrity40
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Intellectual Curiosity31
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Sincerity24
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Enterprising94
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Conventional56
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Artistic44
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Social33
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative9
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Realistic3
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others79%
- Contact with others most of the time21%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day81%
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
Time Pressure
- Every day79%
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important73%
- Very important19%
E-Mail
- Every day84%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day64%
- Once a week or more but not every day20%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day58%
- Once a week or more but not every day34%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom59%
- Some freedom14%
- Limited freedom22%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results31%
- Important results61%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom41%
- Some freedom36%
- Limited freedom19%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important32%
- Very important50%
- Important13%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important39%
- Very important33%
- Important13%
- Fairly important11%

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Level of Competition
- Extremely competitive38%
- Highly competitive35%
- Moderately competitive13%
- Not at all competitive11%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours48%
- 40 hours40%
- Less than 40 hours11%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually24%
- More than half the time35%
- About half the time26%
- Less than half the time15%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important31%
- Very important22%
- Important23%
- Fairly important19%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility28%
- High responsibility25%
- Limited responsibility34%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Every day39%
- Once a week or more but not every day12%
- Never31%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day35%
- Once a week or more but not every day24%
- Never34%
Physical Proximity
- Very close (near touching)11%
- Moderately close (at arm's length)15%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)48%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)26%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day23%
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
- Once a year or more but not every month37%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important23%
- Very important25%
- Important11%
- Not important at all39%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility13%
- Moderate responsibility22%
- Limited responsibility33%
- No responsibility24%
Consequence of Error
- Very serious16%
- Serious21%
- Fairly serious20%
- Not serious at all33%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
- Once a month or more but not every week21%
- Once a year or more but not every month52%
- Never16%
Spend Time Standing
- About half the time38%
- Less than half the time55%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually11%
- About half the time29%
- Less than half the time20%
- Never40%
Conflict Situations
- Once a month or more but not every week27%
- Once a year or more but not every month39%
- Never28%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a month or more but not every week12%
- Once a year or more but not every month36%
- Never36%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- About half the time21%
- Less than half the time42%
- Never30%
Public Speaking
- Once a year or more but not every month55%
- Never30%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated20%
- Slightly automated24%
- Not at all automated45%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a month or more but not every week16%
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never54%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Never70%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never70%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Never72%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month19%
- Never76%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Never89%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Fairly important16%
- Not important at all83%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a year or more but not every month19%
- Never81%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never92%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Never90%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never92%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Never91%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never92%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never95%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never100%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never100%
Exposed to High Places
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never100%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never100%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Never99%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never100%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

High school diploma or equivalent
Bachelor’s degree
Some college, no degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Canva
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress
Electronic mail software
Email software, Microsoft Outlook
Data base user interface and query software
FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Access
Web page creation and editing software
Facebook, WordPress
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Microsoft Dynamics
Customer relationship management CRM software
Salesforce software
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Sales and marketing software
Google Ads
Analytical or scientific software
Google Analytics
Internet browser software
Web browser software
Calendar and scheduling software
Contact management software

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Explain technical product or service information to customers.
Develop content for sales presentations or other materials.
Deliver promotional presentations to current or prospective customers.
Gather customer or product information to determine customer needs.
Study product information to acquire professional knowledge.
Identify potential customers.
Develop professional relationships or networks.
Estimate costs or terms of sales.
Contact current or potential customers to promote products or services.
Prepare sales or other contracts.
Present work to clients for approval.
Process sales or other transactions.

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Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.
Develop marketing plans or strategies.
Accompany patients or clients on outings to provide assistance.
Schedule operational activities.
Distribute promotional literature or samples to customers.
Develop proposals for current or prospective customers.
Negotiate sales or lease agreements for products or services.
Attend events to develop professional knowledge.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology