Advertising and Promotions Managers

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Manage sales team, including setting goals, providing incentives, and evaluating employee performance.79
Plan and prepare advertising and promotional material to increase sales of products or services, working with customers, company officials, sales departments, and advertising agencies.77
Inspect layouts and advertising copy, and edit scripts, audio, video, and other promotional material for adherence to specifications.77
Coordinate activities of departments, such as sales, graphic arts, media, finance, and research.77
Develop communications materials, advertisements, presentations, or public relations initiatives to promote awareness of products and services.77
Formulate plans to extend business with established accounts and to transact business as agent for advertising accounts.77
Develop comprehensive marketing strategies, using knowledge of products and technologies, markets, and regulations.76
Direct, motivate, and monitor the mobilization of a campaign team to advance campaign goals.76
Plan and execute advertising policies and strategies for organizations.76
Prepare budgets and submit estimates for program costs as part of campaign plan development.75
Identify and develop contacts for promotional campaigns and industry programs that meet identified buyer targets, such as dealers, distributors, or consumers.75
Maintain portfolios of marketing campaigns, strategies, and other marketing products or ideas.74

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Analyze the effectiveness of marketing tactics or channels.74
Train and direct workers engaged in developing and producing advertisements.73
Coordinate with marketing team members, graphic artists, and other workers to develop and implement marketing programs.72
Provide presentation and product demonstration support during the introduction of new products and services to field staff and customers.69
Conduct research on consumer opinions and buying habits, and identify target audiences for products, services, or technologies.67
Track program budgets, expenses, and campaign response rates to evaluate each campaign, based on program objectives and industry norms.67
Coordinate with the media to disseminate advertising.67
Assemble and communicate with a strong, diverse coalition of organizations or public figures, securing their cooperation, support, and action, to further campaign goals.67
Confer with department heads or staff to discuss topics such as contracts, selection of advertising media, or product to be advertised.66
Analyze marketing or sales trends to forecast future conditions.66
Prepare and negotiate advertising and sales contracts.65
Monitor and analyze sales promotion results to determine cost effectiveness of promotion campaigns.65
Direct and coordinate product research and development.63
Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products.59
Devise or evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, and questionnaires.57
Contact organizations to explain services and facilities offered.57
Read trade journals and professional literature to stay informed on trends, innovations, and changes that affect media planning.55
Attend or participate in conferences, community events, and promotional events related to products or technologies.53

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening78
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Speaking78
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Critical Thinking72
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Judgment and Decision Making72
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Social Perceptiveness72
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Complex Problem Solving69
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Coordination69
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Reading Comprehension69
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Writing69
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Time Management66
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Monitoring63
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Active Learning60
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

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Negotiation60
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Persuasion60
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Systems Analysis60
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation60
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Management of Personnel Resources56
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Instructing50
Teaching others how to do something.
Learning Strategies50
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Service Orientation50
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Mathematics47
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Operations Analysis47
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Management of Financial Resources44
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources44
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Quality Control Analysis22
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operations Monitoring19
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Programming16
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Technology Design16
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Science13
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Troubleshooting6
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Operation and Control0
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Sales and Marketing93
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
English Language92
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Communications and Media91
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Administration and Management89
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Customer and Personal Service88
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Administrative73
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Personnel and Human Resources68
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Computers and Electronics67
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Mathematics55
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Education and Training54
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Economics and Accounting52
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Telecommunications52
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

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Psychology50
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Production and Processing46
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Law and Government45
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Design42
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Sociology and Anthropology37
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Fine Arts29
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Geography28
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Public Safety and Security22
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Transportation22
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Philosophy and Theology21
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Foreign Language18
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Engineering and Technology15
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Therapy and Counseling12
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
History and Archeology10
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Building and Construction9
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Food Production6
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Chemistry4
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Mechanical4
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Medicine and Dentistry4
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Physics4
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Biology3
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Expression78
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Oral Comprehension75
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Originality75
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Written Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Speech Clarity72
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Deductive Reasoning69
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Fluency of Ideas69
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Inductive Reasoning69
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Near Vision69
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Speech Recognition69
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Problem Sensitivity66
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.

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Category Flexibility53
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Far Vision50
The ability to see details at a distance.
Flexibility of Closure50
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Information Ordering50
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Number Facility47
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Visual Color Discrimination47
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Visualization47
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Mathematical Reasoning44
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Perceptual Speed44
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Selective Attention44
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Memorization41
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Speed of Closure41
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Time Sharing41
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Auditory Attention25
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Hearing Sensitivity22
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength22
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Depth Perception19
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Finger Dexterity16
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Wrist-Finger Speed16
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Arm-Hand Steadiness10
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Control Precision10
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Manual Dexterity10
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Multilimb Coordination10
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Stamina10
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength10
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
Gross Body Coordination6
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium6
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Dynamic Strength3
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Explosive Strength3
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility3
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates92
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems90
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Getting Information85
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Working with Computers84
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Thinking Creatively83
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships80
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work80
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Scheduling Work and Activities73
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People72
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization70
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others67
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge67
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

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Developing Objectives and Strategies66
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others66
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Developing and Building Teams65
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources65
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings65
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Coaching and Developing Others64
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates64
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public60
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events59
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Performing Administrative Activities57
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Documenting/Recording Information55
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Processing Information55
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Training and Teaching Others55
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others51
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Selling or Influencing Others51
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials48
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others45
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Analyzing Data or Information43
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Assisting and Caring for Others43
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Staffing Organizational Units43
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Performing General Physical Activities40
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information39
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards37
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Handling and Moving Objects36
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment12
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment11
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Controlling Machines and Processes8
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment8
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment4
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Leadership Orientation84
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Innovation83
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Social Orientation82
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Achievement Orientation77
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Self-Confidence75
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Dependability74
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Adaptability71
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Initiative65
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Attention to Detail62
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Cooperation61
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Stress Tolerance60
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Perseverance59
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.

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Tolerance for Ambiguity57
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Optimism54
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Integrity48
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Intellectual Curiosity48
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Self-Control46
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Empathy32
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Sincerity19
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Enterprising100
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Conventional57
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Artistic48
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Social36
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative12
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Realistic0
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day100%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom74%
- Some freedom26%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day74%
- Once a week or more but not every day23%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom63%
- Some freedom37%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day70%
- Once a week or more but not every day27%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important64%
- Very important36%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours80%
- 40 hours20%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important68%
- Very important20%
- Important12%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day68%
- Once a week or more but not every day25%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually59%
- More than half the time39%
Time Pressure
- Every day41%
- Once a week or more but not every day58%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others61%
- Contact with others most of the time14%
- Contact with others about half the time25%

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Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important43%
- Very important51%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results41%
- Important results35%
- Moderate results21%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- High responsibility44%
- Limited responsibility12%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day42%
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Once a month or more but not every week39%
Level of Competition
- Extremely competitive28%
- Highly competitive28%
- Moderately competitive27%
- Slightly competitive12%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Extremely important35%
- Very important11%
- Important17%
- Fairly important25%
- Not important at all12%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important38%
- Important17%
- Fairly important33%
- Not important at all11%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day13%
- Once a week or more but not every day40%
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
- Once a year or more but not every month22%
- Never11%
Conflict Situations
- Once a week or more but not every day36%
- Once a month or more but not every week32%
- Once a year or more but not every month20%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually38%
- Never42%
Public Speaking
- Every day18%
- Once a week or more but not every day12%
- Once a month or more but not every week13%
- Once a year or more but not every month46%
- Never11%
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)28%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)21%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility19%
- High responsibility11%
- Limited responsibility35%
- No responsibility35%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a week or more but not every day12%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month61%
- Never12%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually11%
- More than half the time16%
- About half the time11%
- Less than half the time13%
Consequence of Error
- Serious22%
- Fairly serious36%
- Not serious at all33%
Degree of Automation
- Moderately automated21%
- Slightly automated64%
- Not at all automated15%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a week or more but not every day19%
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never53%
Spend Time Standing
- About half the time11%
- Less than half the time69%
- Never19%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time63%
- Never37%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Very important16%
- Not important at all75%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Once a week or more but not every day11%
- Never82%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Never88%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month16%
- Never80%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never89%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month20%
- Never80%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Less than half the time17%
- Never83%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never89%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Once a year or more but not every month11%
- Never88%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time13%
- Never87%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Never98%
Exposed to High Places
- Never91%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never91%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Never98%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never98%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never98%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never100%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never100%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never100%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never100%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
High school diploma or equivalent
Some college, no degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Video creation and editing software
Adobe After Effects, Apple Final Cut Pro, Avid Media Composer, YouTube
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Experience Manager (AEM), Facebook, WordPress
Analytical or scientific software
Business analysis software, Data visualization software, Google Analytics, WebTrends Analytics
Data base user interface and query software
Database software, Microsoft Access, PaloAlto Advertising Plan Pro, Structure query language SQL
Electronic mail software
Email software, IBM Lotus Notes, MailChimp, Microsoft Outlook
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Acrobat Reader, Data warehousing software, Microsoft SharePoint
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Publisher, Quark enterprise publishing software
Customer relationship management CRM software
Constant Contact, MarketSharp, Oracle Eloqua, Salesforce software
Sales and marketing software
Google Ads, HubSpot software, Marketo Marketing Automation, Webtrends software
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop
Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Brainworks, Microsoft Dynamics, SAP software
Business intelligence and data analysis software
Actuate BIRT, Google DoubleClick, Tableau
Web platform development software
Drupal, Hypertext markup language HTML, JavaScript
Enterprise application integration software
Extensible markup language XML, Hootsuite
Project management software
Experience in Software Webplanner, Microsoft Project
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Operating system software
Microsoft Windows
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Data base management system software
Microsoft SQL Server
Instant messaging software
Twitter
Data base reporting software
AdRelevance
Internet browser software
Web browser software
Presentation software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Calendar and scheduling software
Scheduling software
Inventory management software
Inventory tracking software
Information retrieval or search software
Pinterest

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Evaluate employee performance.
Supervise employees.
Develop promotional materials.
Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.
Develop marketing plans or strategies.
Direct financial operations.
Direct sales, marketing, or customer service activities.
Examine marketing materials to ensure compliance with policies or regulations.
Coordinate special events or programs.
Develop marketing plans or strategies for environmental initiatives.
Monitor performance of organizational members or partners.
Implement organizational process or policy changes.

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Establish interpersonal business relationships to facilitate work activities.
Prepare operational budgets.
Analyze market research data.
Maintain operational records for green energy processes or other environmentally-sustainable activities.
Conduct employee training programs.
Confer with organizational members to accomplish work activities.
Advise customers on technical or procedural issues.
Conduct market research.
Coordinate operational activities with external stakeholders.
Manage organizational or project budgets.
Analyze forecasting data to improve business decisions.
Analyze data to assess operational or project effectiveness.
Negotiate sales or lease agreements for products or services.
Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
Manage operations, research, or logistics projects.
Represent the organization in external relations.
Develop procedures to evaluate organizational activities.
Evaluate program effectiveness.
Promote products, services, or programs.
Maintain knowledge of current developments in area of expertise.
Attend training sessions or professional meetings to develop or maintain professional knowledge.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology